Chemical signals mediating communication in ant societies are usually complex mixtures of substances with considerable variation in molecular composition and in relative proportions of components. Such multicomponent signals can be produced in single exocrine glands, but they can also be composed with secretions from several glands. This variation is often functional, identifying groups or spec...

Abstract Isotomus speciosus is a polyphagous insect that damages coniferous and deciduous trees. There no study on the male reproductive system of I. although it an important pest. For this purpose, anatomy histology were investigated using light scanning electron microscopy. According to results obtained, consists pair testes (each with separate testis lobes), two pairs vasa efferentia, defere...

The western chinch bug, Blissus occiduus Barber, is a serious pest of buffalograss, Buchloe dactyloides (Nuttall) due to physical and chemical damage caused during the feeding process. Although previous work has investigated the feeding behaviors of chinch bugs in the Blissus complex, no study to date has explored salivary gland morphology and the associated salivary complex of this insect. Who...

BACKGROUND The canine lacrimal gland (LG) and accessory lacrimal gland of the third eyelid (TEG) are responsible for production of the aqueous portion of the precorneal tear film. Immune-mediated, toxic, neoplastic, or infectious processes can affect the glands directly or can involve adjacent tissues, with secondary gland involvement. Disease affecting these glands can cause keratoconjunctivit...

The western chinch bug, Blissus occiduus Barber, is a serious pest of buffalograss, Buchloe dactyloides (Nuttall) due to physical and chemical damage caused during the feeding process. Although previous work has investigated the feeding behaviors of chinch bugs in the Blissus complex, no study to date has explored salivary gland morphology and the associated salivary complex of this insect. Who...

Female and male reproductive traits co-evolve through pre- post-copulatory sexual selection conflict. Although males typically transfer many sperm during copulation, only a small proportion reach the fertilization site because females often actively or passively reduce number in their tract. Males may accessory substances to protect ejaculates against female selective processes, which benefits ...

Ayurvedic Acharyas have mentioned so many Mukharaogas (diseases of the oral cavity). Among these Jihwagata rogas tongue) are described separately. Sushruta and Vagbhatta five rogas. Upajihwika by Adhijihwa represent cystic lesions on floor mouth. Modern science describes a few diseases in which patient presents with swelling Mucocele is lesion or cavity filled mucus. They found any mucosal surf...

Eight samples of accessory sex glands donkey were used to compare between the immature and mature donkey. The morphological parameters involved position, relation, shape, length, width, weight each gland. results in ampulla ductus deferens spindle shape strcture ends part deferens, located dorsaly urinary bladder opened into ejaculatory duct, measured 1.85±0.04cm, 3.81±0.18mm 0.96±0.02g 7.57±0....

in this paper, front engine accessory drive (fead) system of automotive engine is modeled with adams software. the model is validated using engine test data. it is then used to investigate the effect of design parameters on the system performance such as belt vibration and loads on the idlers. three alternative layouts were developed in order to improve the performance of original eead system. ...