The article is devoted to the characters of servants in opera and their two radically different variants: a clever servant nursemaid. first variant, rooted ancient tradition, becomes more independent with time, these become fully-fledged sometimes even turn into main (e.g. Figaro or Leporello.) other variant Baroque, when nursemaids were treated, similarly servants, as comic characters. evoluti...

Humans have had cancer throughout documented history; hence it is no surprise that people have written about this deadly disease through ancient history. The Edwin Smith Papyrus, the oldest description of cancer, was discovered around 3000-2500 BC in Egypt describing 8 breast tumors that were eradicated by cauterization with a fire drill. As expected back then, the statement of the Egyptian wri...

T racheostomy is one of the oldest surgical procedures reported in ancient medicine books. It became widely used in the 19th century during the diphtheria epidemics in Europe, and then in the 20th century following a series of devastating poliomyelitis epidemics in the 1950s [1–3]. Around the turn of the 20th century, JACKSON [4] standardised the indications for tracheostomy, the technique itse...

Tuberculosis (TB) and leprosy are infections caused by Mycobacteria. This paper documents new skeletal evidence in Italy from the Iron Age site of Corvaro (Central Italy; 5th century BCE) and the Roman site of Palombara (Central Italy; 4th-5th century CE), and briefly reviews the extant evidence for these infections in Italy. The skeletal evidence for TB in Italy is more ancient than for lepros...

Comics have a rich visual vocabulary, and people find them appealing. They are also an effective form of communication. We have built a system, called Comic Chat, that represents on-line communications in the form of comics. Comic Chat automates numerous aspects of comics generation, including balloon construction and layout, the placement and orientation of comic characters, the default select...

define, because compared to others it is both unique and contentious. Although the movement is relatively new it only became known in the West in 1970s it is firmly rooted in some of the world's oldest religions, philosophies and practices, including Hinduism, Wicca, Druidism, the worship of goddesses and nature, spiritism, spiritualism, Gnosticism, humanism, ancient Egyptian and Babylonian rel...

Rabies is one of the oldest diseases affecting human. It has been recognized in India since the Vedic period (1500-500 BC) and is described in the ancient Indian scripture Atharvaveda.[1] It is primarily a zoonotic disease of warm-blooded animals, particularly carnivorous such as dogs, cats, jackals, and wolves. It is transmitted to man usually by bites or licks of rabid animals.[2] Human rabie...