The oxidation of ferrous iron and elemental sulfur by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans that was absorbed and unabsorbed onto the surface of sulfur prills was studied. Unadsorbed sulfur-grown cells oxidized ferrous iron at a rate that was 3 to 7 times slower than that of ferrous iron-grown cells, but sulfur-grown cells were able to reach the oxidation rate of the ferrous iron-adapted cells after only 1...

Until recently, it was conventional wisdom that ‘clean coal’ meant abandoning high sulfur coal resources, reducing plant efficiencies and increasing costs. ZECA Corporation is developing a new ‘Zero Emission’ technology that was invented at Los Alamos National Laboratory. It may stand this preconceived notion on its head. The ZECA Technology has the potential to readily accept high sulfur coal,...

The main objective of this work is analyzing whether it is possible to develop an empirical correlation for in-line estimation of the sulfur and nitrogen contents of the middle distillates Hydrotreating (HDT) products for control purposes. Correlations are based only on readily available in-line information of specific gravity variation between feedstock and products, without considering any pi...

Lithium nitrate (LiNO3) is known as an important electrolyte additive in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. The prevailing understanding is that LiNO3 reacts with metallic lithium anode to form a passivation layer which suppresses redox shuttles of lithium polysulfides, enabling good rechargeability of Li-S batteries. However, this view is seeing more challenges in the recent studies, and above a...

Sulfur oxides are produced from the burning of fossil fuels, mainly coal and oil, and the smelting of metal ores that contain sulfur. Emissions of sulfur oxides cause serious impacts on human health and the environment, both directly and as a result of the way they react with other substances in the air. Sulfur oxides are main precursors of atmospheric acidification, aerosol generation, and aci...

Gas phase and particular phase sulfur have been measured at various locations in the Los Angeles basin to determine atmospheric conversion rates and mechanisms. A new technique was developed for the measurement of particulate sulfur. From measurements of the particulate to gas phase sulfur ratio near the major stationary sources and far downstream and from estimates of travel time determined by...

In the autotrophic bacterium, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, the oxidation of sulfur is coupled to transfers of phosphate from the medium to the cells. CO(2) fixation is coupled to transfers of inorganic phosphate from the cells to the medium and is dependent, in the absence of concomitant sulfur oxidation, upon the amount of phosphate previously taken up during sulfur oxidation. The energy reservoi...

The extracted shale oil by the thermal cracking process of the El-Lujjan oil shale showed that the yield of oil was around 12 wt%. The amount of sulfur in this shale oil was found to increase (from 7 to 9.5 wt%) with the increase of the boiling point for different distillate fractions. Sulfur in Jordanian oil shale was found to be mainly organic sulfur with negligible amounts of inorganic sulfu...

A newly designed gel-ceramic multi-layer electrolyte has been used as the separator and electrolyte for lithium sulfur (Li-S) batteries. The Li-S cells, free of the shuttle effect, exhibit superior electrochemical performance. With almost no self-discharge, the cell demonstrates an initial discharge specific capacity of up to 725 mA h g(-1) and remains at 700 mA h g(-1) after 300 cycles at the ...