DESCRIPTION The active ingredient in ATROVENT (ipratropium bromide) Inhalation Aerosol is ipratropium bromide. It is an anticholinergic bronchodilator chemically described as 8azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]-octane, 3-(3-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-phenylpropoxy)-8-methyl-8-(1methylethyl)-, bromide, monohydrate (endo,syn)-,(±): a synthetic quaternary ammonium compound chemically related to atropine. The structural fo...

Refiners add tetraethyl lead (TEL) and tetramethyl lead (TML) to gasoline to increase octane. In most situations, adding lead is the least expensive means of providing incremental octane to meet gasoline specifications. At sufficiently high levels, addition of lead can increase octane as much as 10 to 15 control octane numbers (Figure 1). Lead susceptibility (the gasoline’s propensity to increa...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative condition associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the zona compacta of the substantia nigra. 3D QSAR study of 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane analogs which serves as the pathfinder for the design of novel molecule for anti Parkinsonism. Five compounds of 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane analogs are synthesized and the anti Parkin...

Photochemical pericyclic reactions are believed to proceed via a so-called pericyclic minimum on the lowest excited potential surface (S(1)), which is common to both the forward and backward reactions. Such a common intermediate has never been directly detected. The photointerconversion of 1,3-butadiene and cyclobutene is the prevailing prototype for such reactions, yet only diene ring closure ...

Chiral 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane and 11-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.0]undecane are common structural motifs featured in many classes of natural products (Fig. 1), some of which show interesting biological activities. Englerin A, a potential anti-tumor reagent, is isolated from Phyllanthus engleri in Tanzania and shows selective activity to renal cancer cell lines at the nanomolar level. Balsamiferine J, ...

Two new lactones (1, 2), descurainolide A and B, and one new aryl-8-oxa-bicyclo[3,2,1]-oct-3-en-2-one (3), descurainin, together with five known compounds (4-8), were isolated from the seeds of Descurainia sophia (L.) WEBB ex PRANTL. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive studies of their 1D, 2D NMR and HR-MS. Compounds 4 and 5 showed cytotoxicity.