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The majority of human group A rotaviruses possess the P[8] VP4 genotype. Recently, a genetically distinct subtype of the P[8] genotype, also known as OP354-like P[8] or lineage P[8]-4, emerged in several countries. However, it is unclear for how long the OP354-like P[8] gene has been circulating in humans and how it has spread. In a global collaborative effort 98 (near-)complete OP354-like P[8]...
In the earthquake regulations of many countries, Mononobe-Okabe method was used to determine seismic lateral earth forces and pressure coefficients for design retaining structures. However, there are various interpretation differences this between different countries. study, effect acceleration (S_DS) soil friction angles(ϕ_d^,) on acting a high structure were investigated through parametric st...
In 2007, a European survey identified variation in country policies on public health management of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). In 2009-10, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) published evidence-based guidance on IMD. We therefore surveyed again European countries to describe policies for managing IMD cases and contacts in 2013. We asked national IMD public he...
Given the current demographic trends and future growth projections, as much as 60% of the global population may suffer water scarcity by the year 2025 [9]. In addition to water scarcity, water quality deterioration is expected to intensify in resourcepoor countries in dry areas, due to human activity and climate change. It is projected that water scarce countries will have to increasingly rely ...
BACKGROUND/AIMS Data are scarce on endoscopic sedation practices outside the United States and Western Europe, particularly from developing nations. An Internet survey was used to assess endoscopic sedation practices in developing and developed countries. METHODS Responses to a Web-based survey of sedation practices from 165 expert endoscopists from 81 countries were analyzed. The most common...
BACKGROUND Data on rotavirus burden among children in the 15 newly independent states of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, particularly contemporary data from poorer countries, are not widely available. These data are desired by policy makers to assess the value of rotavirus vaccination, especially since the GAVI Alliance approved financial support for the region's eligible countr...
BACKGROUND The first European rotavirus surveillance network, EuroRotaNet, comprising 16 laboratories in 15 European countries, has been established. METHODS Fecal samples from gastroenteritis cases positive for group A rotavirus antigen were collected from multiple European countries from 2005 to mid-2008 and were subjected to G and P genotyping. Epidemiological data collected included age, ...
CONTEXT Wide variation exists internationally for prostate cancer (PCa) rates due to differences in detection practices, treatment, and lifestyle and genetic factors. OBJECTIVE We present contemporary variations in PCa incidence and mortality patterns across five continents using the most recent data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PCa incidence an...
1.1 Systemic barriers to growth in the socialist 6 countries in the 1970s 1.2 Growing need for reform and the Hungarian experience 8 1.3 Systemic reforms vs. external financing.
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