Intact erythrocytes become immediately crenated upon addition of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) or pyrenebutyric acid (PBA). However, when cells are incubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of the crenating agents with glucose, they gradually (4--8 h) recover the normal biconcave disc form. The recovery process does not reflect a gradual inactivation of DNP or PBA since fresh cells are equally crenat...

Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) is often achieved by the direct transfer of polarization from electrons to nuclei such as 13C, induced by microwave saturation of the wings of narrow EPR lines of radicals like trityl. In the indirect approach on the other hand, DNP is used to transfer the polarization from the electrons of radicals such as nitroxides that have broad EPR lines to nuclear spins...

Genetic restrictions in generation and expression of hapten-specific suppressor cells for contact sensitivity were found. Dinitrophenol- (DNP) or trinitrophenol-modified mouse spleen cells (SC) induced suppressors in donors able to transfer suppression to normal recipients. When allogeneic DNP-SC were injected into BALB/c mice, cells were generated which were suppressive only in the allogeneic ...

We report our recent efforts directed at improving high-field DNP experiments. We investigated a series of thiourea nitroxide radicals and the associated DNP enhancements ranging from ε = 25 to 82 that demonstrate the impact of molecular structure on performance. We directly polarized low-gamma nuclei including 13C, 2H, and 17O using trityl via the cross effect. We discuss a variety of sample p...

A strategy to gather data on DNP utilization and impact was designed using Donabedian's conceptual model and was piloted by surveying chief nursing officers (CNOs) leading Michigan's public and teaching hospital systems. Few of the responding CNOs reported currently employing DNP-prepared nurses. The majority reported gaps in knowledge related to role expectations and projected outcomes from a ...

We examined the spatial targeting of early and downstream signaling mediated by the IgE receptor (FcεRI) in RBL mast cells utilizing surface-patterned 2,4 dinitrophenyl (DNP) ligands. Micron-sized features of DNP are presented as densely immobilized conjugates of bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA) or mobile in a supported lipid bilayer (DNP-SLB). Although soluble anti-DNP IgE binds uniformly across...

This work explores the effect of the environment on the rate of photolysis of 2,4-dinitrophenol (24-DNP), an important environmental toxin. In stark contrast to the slow photolysis of 24-DNP in an aqueous solution, the photolysis rate is increased by more than an order of magnitude for 24-DNP dissolved in 1-octanol or embedded in secondary organic material (SOM) produced by ozonolysis of α-pine...

2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) has long been known to be toxic at high concentrations, an effect related to uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Five years ago, however, we reported that low concentrations of DNP protect neurons against the toxicity of the amyloid-β peptide. Since then, a number of other studies have provided evidence of beneficial actions of DNP (at low concentratio...

Mechanically interlocked compounds, such as bistable catenanes and bistable rotaxanes, have been used to bring about actuation in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) and molecular electronic devices (MEDs). The elaboration of the structural features of such rotaxanes into macromolecular materials might allow the utilization of molecular motion to impact their bulk properties. We report here th...