Boron is a widely occurring element in minerals found in the earth’s crust. It is the 51 most common element found in the earth’s crust and is found at an average concentration of 8 mg/kg (approximately 0.0008%). It is found in the environment primarily combined with oxygen in compounds called borates. Common borate compounds include boric acid, salts of boric acid (e.g., sodium tetraborates, w...

This study is concerned with the viability of producing biodiesel from waste beef bone fat and evaluate this product according to the quality requirements defined by ASTM D- 6751. Accordingly, beef bone fat was heated to remove the moisture under vacuum at 60 . Alkaline Catalysed Transesterfication was carried out by  using 6:1 molar ratio of ethanol to fat in the presence of 1% w/w sodium hydr...

Pollution caused by boric acid and toxic anions such as As(V), Cr(VI) and Se(VI) is hazardous to human health and environment. The sorption characteristics of these environmentally significant ionic species on allophane-like nanoparticles were investigated in order to determine whether allophane can reduce their mobility in the subsurface environment at circum-neutral pH condition. Solutions co...

In June 2010, the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) added boric acid to the candidate list of SVHCs (substances of very high concern) under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Regulation. In polarizing plates, only unreacted (free) boric acid which is not bound to PVA is considered to be an SVHC. We developed a quantitative analytical method for unrea...

For all M,N∈P(U) such that M⊂N, we first introduced the definitions of (M,N)-uni-soft ideals and (M,N)-uni-soft interior ideals of an ordered semigroup and studied them. When M=∅ and N=U, we meet the ordinary soft ones. Then we proved that in regular and in intra-regular ordered semigroups the concept of (M,N)-uni-soft ideals and the (M,N)-uni-soft interior ideals coincide. Finally, we introduc...