The intrauterine environment of the fetus is a preeminent actor in long-term health. Indeed, mounting evidence shows that maternal malnutrition increases the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in progeny. Although the consequences of a disturbed prenatal environment on the development of the pancreas are known, the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. In rats, restriction of protein during gest...

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast, characterized by loss of E-cadherin expression, accounts for 5-15% of invasive breast cancers and it is believed to arise via a linear histological progression. Genomic studies have identified a clonal relationship between ILC and concurrent lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) lesions, suggesting that LCIS may be a precursor lesion. It has been shown...

Prostate carcinoma (CaP) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men. We have previously determined the microRNA (miRNA) profile of primary CaP in comparison with nontumor prostate tissue. miRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that inhibit protein synthesis on a posttranscriptional level by binding to the 30-untranslated region (30-UTR) of their target genes. In primary CaP tissue, we have pre...

Next-generation deep sequencing of small RNAs has unveiled the complexity of the microRNA (miRNA) transcriptome, which is in large part due to the diversity of miRNA sequence variants ("isomiRs"). Changes to a miRNA's seed sequence (nucleotides 2-8), including shifted start positions, can redirect targeting to a dramatically different set of RNAs and alter biological function. We performed deep...

Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of disability and deaths worldwide. MiRNAs have been shown to play an important role in development and pathogenesis of the nervous system. However, the precise function and mechanism of miRNAs are not fully understood in the brain injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Herein, our study showed that miR-375 expression was significantly down-regulated ...

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells with the capacity of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation are promising sources for generation of pancreatic islet cells for cell replacement therapy in diabetes. Here we induced hES cells into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in a stepwise process which recapitulated islet organogenesis by directing cells through the stages resembling definitive endoderm...

BACKGROUND Biochanin A and formononetin are O-methylated isoflavones that are isolated from the root of Astragalus membranaceus, and have antitumorigenic effects. Our previous studies found that formononetin triggered growth-inhibitory and apoptotic activities in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We performed in vivo and in vitro studies to further investigate the potential effect of biochanin A in pr...

Abstract United States seedstock sheep producers have selected for higher weaning and post-weaning weights using estimated breeding values approximately forty years. Despite this, little work has investigated if the increased performance inadvertently resulted in feed intakes, increasing total costs producer. Eighty range-breed ewe lambs (forty Targhee Rambouillet) were enrolled a residual inta...