9 Chapter 1 General Introduction 10 Early Behavioural Tasks: Abstraction, Concepts and Sorting 14 Early Behavioural Tasks: Discriminations, Reversals and Shifts 18 Issues of Terminology 26 The Contemporary Primate Attentional Set-Shifting Task 29 Attentional Set-Shifting In Rats 31 The Psychopharmacologist’s Tool 34 Chapter 2 General Methods 36