introduction: gluten is a protein found in grains.  research has shown that the gluten that is in grains of wheat, barley, rye, and oats (to a lesser degree) is toxic to many individuals.  while gluten is essential for the make-up of these 4 grains, our bodies do not need it. is it healthful?  the protein in today’s wheat is poorly digested and can be harmful.  an estimated 95% of prepared food...

For a long time, the perception of consumers about fat from animal origin was linked to the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, especially due to the large amounts of saturated fatty acids. The dairy products provide 15 to 25% of fat consumed by humans and 25 to 35% of saturated fat (Chilliard et al., 2001). This statement of cognizance, even if the potential effects of saturated fatty a...

All DHI test-day data, including milk urea concentrations measured by infrared test method, were collected from 60 commercial Ontario Holstein dairy herds for a 13-mo period between December 1, 1995, and December 31, 1996. The objectives of this study were to describe the relationships between milk urea concentrations and seasonal factors, sampling factors, cow factors, and test-day production ...

The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of HMBi on the production performance and metabolism in dairy cows. Thirty multiparous Holstein dairy cows under similar conditions were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments; i) Control, a basal diet; ii) T1, a basal diet plus HMBi (0 g prepartum and 18 g postpartum); and iii) T2, a basal diet plus HMBi (10 g prepartum and 18 g postpa...

Diverticula are thought to arise from defects in the muscularis layer of the intestines (Fig. 35.1) and are related to abnormalities in muscle tone and increased intraluminal pressure; saclike protrusions eventually form at points of weakness. If stool is caught in these sacs, it becomes inspissated and hardened and causes abrasions of the mucosa that lead to inflammation, although the same end...

the aim followed in the present study was to investigate the effects of different metabolizable protein (mp) levels on holstein cows, milk yield and composition, and as well on concentration of plasma metabolites in the cow,s early lactation. twenty - four holstein cows(bw 580±23, dim 30±7, parity 2.4±0.5) were randomly assigned to each one of the 4 dietary treatments containing 1) 10.60% (diet...

BACKGROUND Many patients receiving oral iron for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) cannot tolerate or fail to respond to therapy, and existing intravenous (IV) iron formulations often require repeated administrations. Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), a nondextran IV formulation, permits larger single doses. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated FCM versus oral iron in IDA patients. After 14 days of or...

Fif teen lactating Holstein cows in a 3 × 3 Latin square experiment determined effects of ground newspaper in the diet. Test components of the rations were: A) 20% cottonseed hulls; B) 10% paper and 10% cottonseed hulls; C) 20% paper. All animals received 2.3 kg of long alfalfa hay daily. Proximate analysis and gross energy determinations indicated that the paper rations contained more crude fi...

Inbreeding coefficients of 30,794 registered Ayrshire cows were calculated from relationships between sire and maternal male ancestors. Average inbreeding coefficient of all cows was less than 1% and of the 5,202 inbred cows was 5.4%. Fewer than 2% of inbred cows had coefficients greater than 15%. Percent of inbred cows increased from 23% of cows born in 1972 to 43% in 1980. Over the same perio...