Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder in children. ADHD is characterized by attention deficit, impulsivity, and sometimes overactivity ("hyperactivity"). The diagnosis is empirical, with no objective confirmation available to date from laboratory measures. ADHD begins in childhood and often persists into adulthood. The exact etiology is unknown; ...

This young man presented initially and repeatedly over a period of twenty years with symptoms of irritability, depressed and withdrawn mood, impulsivity, out-of-control behavior, and suicidal ideation and behavior. These symptoms occurred with disabling intensity at ages 3 year, 6 1/2 years, and 8 1/2 years, when he had not yet been adequately diagnosed and treated with appropriate psychopharma...

The stimulant drug methylphenidate was administered in a double-blind, placebo controlled study over a 10-day period to 81 children in 2 institutions. The children were deprived or emotionally disturbed, but none was known to be psychotic, brain damaged, or mentally retarded. Following tests, it was found that 2 children's anxiety scales and an impulsivity scale were unrelated to learning, and ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine melatonin effects on sleep patterns, symptoms of hyperactivity and attention deficiency in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Children with age range of 7-12 years who had a combined form of ADHD were randomly divided in to 2 groups according to gender blocks. One group took melatonin (3 or 6mg) combined with...

OBJECTIVE Few studies have investigated associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and nonmedical use of prescription medication (NMUPM) in population-based samples of adolescents, and even fewer have examined whether promotive factors might buffer these effects. The present study assesses the direct effects of ACE and positive student-teacher relationships on NUMPD and whether po...

AIMS To examine the prevalence rates and correlates of non-medical use of prescription stimulants (Ritalin, Dexedrine or Adderall) among US college students in terms of student and college characteristics. DESIGN A self-administered mail survey. SETTING One hundred and nineteen nationally representative 4-year colleges in the United States. PARTICIPANTS A representative sample of 10 904 r...

A concise and stereoselective synthesis of racemic erythro-methylphenidate (1) is described. The coupling reaction between piperidine-2-thione (3) and 2-bromo-2-phenylmethylacetate (4) afforded the -enaminocarbonyl compound 2 in 60% yield by a modified Eschenmoser sulfide contraction reaction. In most cases the bicyclic thiazolidinone 5 was produced. Diastereoselective reduction of 2 in the pre...

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ad/hd) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood which involves behavioral and learning disturbances in children.  in addition, the disorder usually causes some problems in a child’s interaction with the peer group and family members. the present research addresses the comparative effectiveness of behavior parent training (bpt)...