Extractive fermentation using aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) is a promising separation process since it provides a nondenaturing environment for biomolecules and improves the stability of cells. Due to environmental concerns and toxicity issues related with common volatile organic solvents, ionic liquids (ILs), a new class of nonvolatile alternative solvents, are being currently investigated fo...

In the title compound, C(17)H(17)N(2)O(+)·BF(4) (-), the central imidazolium ring makes dihedral angles of 74.58 (9) and 40.10 (6)° with the phenyl and 2-methoxy-phenyl rings, respectively. In the crystal, a strong π-π inter-action is observed between the imidazolium and 2-methoxy-phenyl rings, with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.5115 (15) Å. In addition, C-H⋯F and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C...

A ditopic tetrapodal imidazolium-based 1,3-alternate calix[4]arene host binds anions as 1 : 2 complexes via a range of CH...anion hydrogen bonds. Allosteric enhancement of the affinity for the second chloride anion is observed. X-Ray crystal structures of the chloride, bromide and nitrate complexes suggest that this behaviour is linked to inter-binding site communication mediated by the calixar...

In this work, the interactions between a representative imidazolium-based ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4]) and acetonitrile (CH3CN) were investigated in detail using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR), and density functional theory calculations. The main conclusions are: (1) a number ...

Structural aspects of the binding of inorganic anions such as perchlorate, hydrogen sulfate, and hexafluorosilicate with the proton cage of octaaminocryptand L(1), N(CH(2)CH(2)NHCH(2)-p-xylyl-CH(2)NHCH(2)CH(2))(3)N), are examined thoroughly. Crystallographic results for a hexaprotonated perchlorate complex of L(1), [(H(6)L(1))(6+)(ClO(4) (-))]5(ClO(4) (-)).11H(2)O.CH(3)CN (1), an octaprotonated...

A BS T R A C T When giant axons of squid, Sepioteuthis, were bathed in a 100 mM Ca-salt solution containing tetrodotoxin (TTX) and internally perfused with a solution of 100 mM tetraethylammonium-salt (TEA-salt) or tetramethylammonium-salt (TMA-salt), the membrane potential was found to become sensitive to anions, especially Cl-. Membrane currents recorded from those axons showed practically no...

In the crystal of the title hydrated salt, C6H7N4 (+)·C4H5O6 (-)·0.5H2O, the bi-imidazole monocation, 1H,1'H-[2,2'-biimidazol]-3-ium, is hydrogen bonded, via N-H⋯O, O-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, to the hydrogen tartrate anion and the water mol-ecule, which is located on a twofold rotation axis, forming sheets parallel to (001). The sheets are linked via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-d...

oil exploration and production zones are very frequently contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons or its derivatives. the most important exploration and production zones are located in south-west and south of the country, in iran. masjed soleiman city is located on an oil field. the soil of this region has been affected by the petroleum composition. mach petroleum seepages and springs (asphalt,...