Economists know how to calculate optimal prices for electricity transmission. These are rarely applied in practice. This paper develops a thirteen node model, based on the transmission system in England and Wales, incorporating losses and transmission constraints. It is solved with optimal prices, and with uniform prices for demand and for generation, but re-dispatching to take account of trans...

A number of attitudinal expressions are identified and analyzed using dependency based syntactic analysis. A claim is made that attitudinal loading of lexical items is dynamic rather than lexical and that attitudinal loading of individual lexical items is acquired through their use in attitudinally loaded structures.

In th is paper I introduce a contrast between homomorphic and non-homomorphic ascript ions of informational content to representations. In the former case there is a mapping from the parts of the representation onto the constituents of the content. In the l a t t e r case, there is not; some of the constituents of the content are set t led bj background factors. I contrast th is d i s t i nc t ...

Auditory icons – or environmental sounds – have the potential to convey information by non-verbal means quickly and accurately. In addition, human listeners are quick to determine many qualities of an auditory object, such as location, distance, size, and motion, from acoustics of the signal. An experiment tests these two coupled assumptions in a controlled laboratory context. Stimuli consisted...

The day before yesterday, June 20, we tried again. The IMPs and TIPs loaded and seemed to fly quite well, so we left the new systems up. But by yesterday, June 21, afternoon, with crashes happening in TIPs at the rate of about one per hour, we backed off again and put the old systems back up. (One TIP crash per hour in the network means there is about one crash every eight or ten hours debuggin...

Equations are established for the deformation of a viscoelastic porous solid containing a viscous fluid under the most general assumptions of anisotropy. The particular cases of transverse and complete isotropy are discussed. General solutions are also developed for the equations in the isotropic case. As an example the problem of the settlement of a loaded column is treated. The second-order e...

This paper examines whether an increase in political decentralization, which is a global trend, affects income inequality. It argues that the effect of decentralization on equality lies with quality governance, is, how well traditions and institutions authority country are exercised. Using instrumental variables (IV)/two-stage least squares (2SLS) method, this shows reduces However, reduction s...