The developing cerebellum expresses genes which encode for both neurotrophins and their receptors. The present study was designed to determine at what stages during cerebellar granule cell neurogenesis neurotrophin family molecules may act. We report here that in purified, well-characterized granule cell cultures (Gao et al., 1991; 1992), none of the neurotrophins stimulated proliferation of gr...

G protein-coupled receptor kinaseinteracting protein 1 (GIT1) was originally identified as an ADP ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein (ARF-GAP) that binds Gprotein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) and regulates membrane trafficking (Premont et al., 1998). Subsequent studies have shown a much broader function for GIT1 and GIT2/PKL as regulators of migrationrelated processes, including a...

RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved process through which double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces the silencing of cognate genes (for review, see Bernstein et al. 2001b; Carthew 2001). Sources of dsRNA silencing triggers include experimentally introduced dsRNAs, RNA viruses, transposons, and RNAs transcribed from complex transgene arrays (for review, see Hammond et al. 2001b). Sh...

Neurogenesis persists in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of mammals, including human and nonhuman primates, throughout life (Altman and Das, 1965; Cameron et al., 1993; Kuhn et al., 1996; Eriksson et al., 1998; Gould et al., 1999; Kornack and Rakic, 2001). Neural stemlike cells reside in the subgranular zone (SGZ) at the border of the hilus and DGC layer (Seri et al., 2001; Filippov et al., 2003)...

Small RNAs have burst on the scene as ubiquitous, versatile repressors of gene expression in plants, animals and many fungi. These tiny RNAs (~21-26 nt), which induce silencing through homologous sequence interactions, come in many guises: short interfering (si) RNAs (Elbashir et al., 2001), small temporal (st) RNAs (Pasquinelli et al., 2000), heterochromatic siRNAs (Reinhart and Bartel, 2002),...

substance misuse is a prominent problem in the lives of many patients with schizophrenia (Chambers et al, 2001; Graham et al, 2001), and clinical guidelines for the integrated treatment of these ‘dual disorders’ are beginning to emerge (Mueser et al, 2003). Furthermore, substance misuse can take a heavy toll on the carers of persons with schizophrenia (Dixon et al, 1995), yet patients with dual...

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Declaration of interest Thiswork was sponsoredby Eli Lilly & Co. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychopathological response to a terrifying experience. Initially associated with combat, PTSD is observed in civilians following traumatic experiences, including violence, accident, natural disaster and life-threatening illness. Lifetime prevalence of PTSD in civilians is between 1% and ...