The parameter imbedding method for the Fredholm equation converts it into an initial value problem in its parameter λ. We establish the method for general operator equations of the form [I + ˆ f (λ)]ψ = φ. It is particularly useful for studying spontaneous symmetry breaking problems, such as contained in the nonlinear Schwinger-Dyson equation.

An inventory model is formulated with type-2 fuzzy parameters under trade credit policy and solved by using Generalized Hukuhara derivative approach. Representing demand parameter of each expert's opinion is a membership function of type-1 and thus, this membership function again becomes fuzzy. The final opinion of all experts is expressed by a type-2 fuzzy variable. For this present problem, t...

introduction: providing the material for penile reconstruction after release of chordee associated with hypospadias is challenging. we have used the preputial vascularized island flap for this purpose. we report the results of this prospective study. materials and methods: one hundred and twelve boys ranging from 13 months to 12 years of age were enrolled in this study. the location of meatus r...

film coating solutions containing different grades of hpmc (e5, e15 and e50) with and without polyethylene glycol (with various molecular weights) were examined by an oscillatory method, using haake cv 100 rheometer. fundamental rheological parameters (?, g? and g² ) were measured over the frequency range from 0.04 to 2 hz. the variation with frequency of the loss tangent (a ratio of viscous to...

We study non-Gaussianity induced by a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson with a cosine-type scalar potential. We focus on how the non-Gaussianity is affected when the pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson rolls down from near the top of the scalar potential where the deviation from a quadratic potential is large. We find that the resultant non-Gaussianity is similar to that obtained in the quadratic potential...

Anatomically accurate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of the nasal passages of an infant (6 months old, 1.3 kg) and adult (7 years old, 11.9 kg) rhesus monkey were used to predict nasal deposition of inhaled nano- and microparticles. Steady-state, inspiratory airflow simulations were conducted at flow rates equal to 100, 200 and 300% of the estimated minute volume for resting breathin...

Film calibration is time-consuming work when dose accuracy is essential while working in a range of photon scatter environments. This study uses the single-target single-hit model of film response to fit the calibration curves as a function of calibration method, processor condition, field size and depth. Kodak XV film was irradiated perpendicular to the beam axis in a solid water phantom. Stan...