In order to specify the syntax of human languages, J. Bresnan and R. M. Kaplan introduced Lexical-Functional Grammars (LFGs) extending context-free grammars (CFGs) by attaching functional equations to each production of CFGs. The LFG theory has been advanced with the aim of meeting the dual demands of parsability and learnability. R. C. Berwick has shown, however, that the membership problem fo...

In most countries, sanitary landfilling is nowadays the most common way to eliminate municipal solid wastes (MSW). In spite of many advantages, generation of heavily polluted leachates, presenting significant variations in both volumetric flow and chemical composition, constitutes a major drawback. Year after year, the recognition of landfill leachate impact on environment has forced authoritie...

Accurate estimation of emissions greenhouse gases (GHGs) is required for making effective climate change mitigation policies at the national level. Among major sources, municipal solid waste (MSW) an important source GHGs, such as methane (CH4), generated during anaerobic decomposition organic matter. In Viet Nam, GHGs are not well quantified, in particular from MSW management system. this stud...

Introduction: The increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has changed the global temperature and had a negative impact on global climate conditions. Landfill gas is one of the major GHG contributors. With the knowledge of GHG inventory, it is possible to carry out disaster prevention measures. Materials and Methods: In this study, tow Landfill Gas Emissions Modeling (LandGEM) and Intergover...

The waste sector is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Indonesia. Landfilling (without methane recovery) and open burning solid contribute significantly GHG emissions. This study analyses magnitude from various municipal management (MSW) alternatives Palembang city. estimation was conducted for five scenarios, i.e. (a) BAU scenario (existing) where 850.12 tonne...

In recent years managing solid wastes has been one of the burning problems in front of state and local municipal authorities. This is mainly due to scarcity of lands for landfill sites. In this context experts suggest that conversion of solid waste to energy and useful component is the best approach to reduce space and public health related problems. The entire process has to be managed by tech...

The methodology for evaluating the impacts and damage costs ('external costs') due to pollution from waste treatment is described and the results are presented, based on the ExternE project series of the European Commission. The damage costs of landfill and incineration of municipal solid waste are compared, with due account for energy and materials recovery, as well as possible differences in ...

The effects of greenhouse gases (GHG) on the growth of global warming, and increase of GHG and air pollutant emissions for energy production have forced the need of energy recovery which is normally wasted in industrial plant. The present research work focused on the GHG and air pollutant emissions reduction employing pressure waste energy recovery. Pressure break-down via Joule-Thomson valve i...

Mexico, similarly to other developing countries, has planned landfilling as the central technology manage municipal solid waste (MSW). In this research, current and future situation of final disposal MSW in Mexico was studied, focusing on spatial temporal evaluation sites (FDS), landfill gas (LFG) emissions, potential power generation an 80-year horizon. Geographic information systems were appl...