a new approach is introduced to estimate the formal information of neurons. formal information, mainly discusses about the aspects of the response that is related to the stimulus. estimation is based on introducing a mathematical nonlinear model with hammerstein-wiener system estimator. this method of system identification consists of three blocks to completely describe the nonlinearity of inpu...

FAUST is a software tool that generates formal abstractions of (possibly non-deterministic) discrete-time Markov processes (dtMP) defined over uncountable (continuous) state spaces. A dtMP model (Sec. 1) is specified in MATLAB and abstracted as a finite-state Markov chain or Markov decision processes. The abstraction procedure (Sec. 2) runs in MATLAB and employs parallel computations and fast m...

This paper presents a formal semantics for the Taverna 2 scientific workflow system. Taverna 2 is a successor to Taverna, an open-source workflow system broadly adopted within the e-science community worldwide. The new version improves upon the existing model in two main ways: (i) by adding support for data pipelining, which in turns enables input streams of indefinite length to be processed ef...

The purpose of this symposium, held in conjunction with MoDELS 2006, was to present the current state of research of the UML 2 Semantics Project. Equally important to receiving feedback from an audience of experts was the opportunity to invite researchers in the field to discuss their own work related to a formal semantics for the Unified Modeling Language. This symposium is a follow-on to our ...

Ptolemy is an open-source and extensible modeling and simulation framework. It offers heterogeneous modeling capabilities by allowing different models of computation, both untimed and timed, to be composed hierarchically in an arbitrary fashion. This paper proposes a formal semantics for Ptolemy which is modular, in the sense that atomic actors and their compositions are treated in a unified wa...

Intramolecular formal [4+2] cycloaddition between 3-ethoxycyclobutanones and a carbon-carbon double bond to the corresponding bicyclo[4.n.0]alkan-2-one derivatives proceeded effectively by using ethylaluminium dichloride.

We investigate the relationship between complex and symplectic cobordism localized away from the prime 2 and show that these theories are related much as a real Lie group is related to its complexification. This suggests that ideas from the theory of symmetric spaces might be used to illuminate these subjects. In particular, we give an explicit equivalence of ring spectra MSp[1/2] ∧ Sp/U+ ' MU[...

Ugi adducts derived from aromatic aldehydes may be converted to pyrrolines via addition of Michael acceptors under microwave irradiation. The reaction may proceed via unusual formation of azomethine ylides followed by a [3+2] cycloaddition using Michael acceptors.

Based on F-logic, we specify an advanced data model with object-oriented and logic-oriented features that substantially extend the relational approach. For this model we exhibit and study the counterpart to the well-known decomposition of a relation scheme according to a nontrivial nonkey functional dependency. For decomposing a class of a database schema the transformation of pivoting is used....

syntax and informal semantics This chapter presents a concise definition of the abstract syntax and informal semantics of the elements of the χ formalism. The syntax definition is incomplete in the sense that the syntax of predicates, expressions, etc. is defined at a high level of abstraction. This is done because different implementations of χ , such as tools for simulation, verification, or ...