The ERM crisis of 1992 appears to be due to a series of negative output shocks followed by devaluation. This stylised fact does not seem to conform to the “second-generation “ crisis model based on the REH. We show that by adopting bounded rational learning, the model yields a tradeoff between the size and persistence of shocks leading to devaluation, a finding which makes the model more clearl...

Diphtheria remains endemic in developing countries, but there are limited published data on the subject. Thailand's diphtheria surveillance data are relatively complete and may give a fuller picture of the situation in similar countries. After routine immunization began in 1977, the incidence of reported diphtheria decreased by >98% to <0.1 case per 100,000 persons annually in the 1990s. Despit...

Since the mid 1970s the historically high unemployment rate in Australia has been a major issue of concern to policy-makers. A related issue has been the widening distribution of employment with substantial growth in the number of households with no employed persons, alongside strong growth in the number of households with two or more persons working. There has also been a widening distribution...

There has been an upsurge of tuberculosis in many parts of the world in the past decade. The high rates of drug-resistant tuberculosis currently reported in many countries are alarming. The most catastrophic phenomenon is the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These organisms have caused epidemic outbreaks in nosocomial and health-care settings in the USA an...

The significant burden of disease due to pertussis, which predominantly affects newborns during their first few months of life, was substantially decreased following the introduction of inactivated whole-bacterial-cell vaccines in the middle of the 20th century. Although these vaccines were effective in reducing the incidence of pertussis in the countries that implemented their widespread use, ...

Preface This report presents an up-to-date analysis of poverty patterns and trends in Ghana, based on the results of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS). The GLSS is a multi-topic household survey, designed to provide comprehensive information on the living standards of Ghanaian households. So far, four rounds have been completed each round covering a nationally representative sample of ho...

BACKGROUND Recent analyses of the cumulative results of the major treatment trials of mild-to-moderate hypertension have shown only a small benefit in the prevention of stroke and no benefit in the prevention of coronary heart disease. METHODS A MEDLINE search for articles published from 1966 to 1991 was made using the key words "left ventricular hypertrophy," "hypertension," "insulin resista...

Pedro Sáinz is a consultant for the Inter-American Development Bank, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas (INE) Chile and Instituto Brasileiro de Geografi a e Statistica (IBGE) on public information systems as well as on poverty analysis and policies. He was Director of the Economic Projections Centre and of the Statistical Division of the Economic Com...