The possibility of health care reform has helped focus attention on equity in the receipt of health care. This is a particular issue for the Medicaid program, as State variations in eligibility and payment policies have historically created inequity. This study examines equity for Medicaid beneficiaries and State taxpayers during the latter 1980s. Findings indicate that federally mandated expan...

Because the cost of institutional care for long-term patients has risen, home health has become a more visible and viable alternative to the growing elderly population. This article discusses problems found in the rapid expansion of home health services and presents two alternative health care delivery systems that address these problems: the Medicaid Waiver and the Social/Health Maintenance Or...

The financial liberalization in the four Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) that took place mostly in the 1980s led to a major financial crisis in three of those countries. The crises in Finland, Norway, and Sweden are among the deepest financial crises in advanced market economies since World War II. Denmark experienced some banking problems but managed to avoid a systemic...

Throughout the past decade, health maintenance organizations (HMOs) were buffeted by dramatic regulatory and competitive changes. In this article, literature of the 1980s is reviewed to update our knowledge on the HMO industry and to suggest future research. The influence of intensified competition on these organizations and the determinants of market entry, expansion, and exit are examined. Th...

In 1984, IBM and the University of Oslo set up a joint project, probably the first project of its kind in Norway. Its aim was to develop Norwegian language resources for IBM application software – for PCs, midrange computers, and mainframes. The primary objective: to create a “base dictionary” module that would drive language sensitive functions. The technology was based on simple character seq...

This article presents an analysis of the factors that predicted 1989 homelessness rates in large U.S. cities. Data were collected to describe homelessness rates in the 182 cities with populations over 100,000. In addition, variables were assembled to represent many factors that have been hypothesized to cause homelessness, including each city’s housing and income conditions, household resources...