in this paper, we study the existing relations between science and religion in the views of ian barbour, peters and alister mcgrath (with a particular focus on 19th, 20th and 21st centuries). it is interesting to note that while mcgrath supports the dialogical model; peters, on the other hand, argues for the hypothetical agreement model, and finally we have barbour who favors the correlational ...

The Hungarian noble privileges (e.g. tax exemption) that existed until the mid-19th century restricted kings’ room for manoeuvre, and from 16th onwards they were regarded by rulers as a forced burden. These prerogatives based on Golden Bull of King Andrew II 1222, second half 18th there was serious legal historical controversy about justification these rights. In writings, which differed in qua...

Illustrations constitute an essential element of learning anatomy in modern times. However it required a significant evolutionary process spread over centuries, for illustrations to achieve the present status in the subject of anatomy. This review article attempts to outline the evolutionary process by highlighting on the works of esteemed anatomists in a chronological manner. Available literat...

Stimulating the brain by either direct or eddy electrical currents for medical and research purposes has a long history. One of the first records dates back to 43AD and is attributed to Scribonius Largus, physician of the Roman Empire, who reported the treatment of migraines and headache through application of electrical currents with the torpedo fish. In the 15th century, Paracelsus suggested ...

The history of British pathology can be traced back to the 18th century when the best clinicians, such as the Hunter brothers, William and John, began to perform autopsies on their patients and to collect their autopsy and biopsy specimens into museums. The fi rst half of the 19th century saw the introduction of microscopy and the setting up of laboratories, staffed initially by part-time clini...

This, now slightly revised text, is intended for a broader circle of readers. It appeared in Italian, although with suppressed references, as Lo sviluppo della teoria della probabilità e della statistica in Storia della Scienza, t. 1. Introduction The theory of probability can be traced back to 1654 when Pascal and Fermat, in solving the problem of points (of sharing the stakes in an uncomplete...

alopecia areata is a dermatologic disorder which presents itself with sudden and patchy hair loss. the aim of this study is to assess the issues related to the similar condition in ancient manuscripts of traditional persian medicine. this is a descriptive review study in which a number of well-known traditional persian manuscripts such as; kamil al-sina’a al-tibbiyyaby al-majusi, ‘ali ibn al-’a...

The evolution of infrastructure networks such as roads and streets are of utmost importance to understand the evolution of urban systems. However, datasets describing these spatial objects are rare and sparse. The database presented here represents the road network at the french national level described in the historical map of Cassini in the 18th century. The digitization of this historical ma...

by late 18th or early 19th century, albino rats became the most commonly used experimental animals in numerous biomedical researches, as they have been recognized as the preeminent model mammalian system. but, the precise correlation between age of laboratory rats and human is still a subject of debate. a number of studies have tried to detect these correlations in various ways. but, have not s...