Jelly is a popular confectionery product but it has high content of easily digestible sugars, namely 70–85%. Therefore, modern confectioners are trying to develop new formulations jelly with reduced sweetness and sugar content. One the ways achieve that use starch syrup instead white sugar. Another benefit can slow down drying staling jelly.
 We studied three types (low-conversion, confect...

Anna Gloria Sabatini, Gian Luigi Marcazzan, Maria Fiorenza Caboni, Stefan Bogdanov, Ligia Bicudo de Almeida-Muradian 4 1 CRAIstituto Nazionale di Apicoltura, Bologna, Italy. 2 Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università di Bologna, Italy. 3 Swiss Bee Research Centre Agroscope, Liebefeld Poseux, Berne, Switzerland. 4 Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências...

O NE of the most difficult tasks which confronts the w orker in the life sciences is to define a normal. The difficulty is compounded when the measurement to be made is affected by many variables which differ in importance from time to time. These remarks apply to the electrocardiographer, and to the normal electrocardiogram. Some variables which affect the electrocardiogram are quite well know...

To assess different effects of royal Jelly in protecting the human endothelial cells from high glucose level, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to various concentrations of royal jelly, from 0.625 to 10 mg/ml, at the presence of 5 and 30 mM glucose contents over a course of 72 h. In addition to cell viability assessment by conventional MTT assay, we also analyzed the feature o...