Using density-functional theory with the local-density approximation and the generalized gradient approximation we compute the energy barriers for surface diffusion for Ag on Pt~111!, Ag on one monolayer of Ag on Pt~111!, and Ag on Ag~111!. The diffusion barrier for Ag on Ag~111! is found to increase linearly with increasing lattice constant. We also discuss the reconstruction that has been fou...

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Ab initio calculations of surface-state mediated interactions between Cu adatoms on transition metal surfaces are presented. We concentrate on Co/Cu(111) and Co(0001) substrates and compare results with our calculations for Cu(111). Our studies show that surface states of Co/Cu(111) and Co(0001) are spin-polarized. We reveal that long-range interactions between adatoms are mainly determined by ...

OBJECTIVE To measure the effect of an urgent care telephone service NHS 111 on population perceptions of urgent care. DESIGN Controlled before and after population survey, using quota sampling to identify 2000 respondents reflective of the age/sex profile of the general population. SETTING England. 4 areas where NHS 111 was introduced, and 3 control areas where NHS 111 had yet to be introdu...

In the 1930s, first Lucy Wills and then Robert Stokstad isolated a natural component of yeast (termed ‘Wills factor’ and ‘factor U’, respectively) that prevented megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy and promoted growth in chickens. In the next decade, Herschell Mitchell, Esmond Snell, and Robert Williams isolated a factor from spinach that could support the growth of the lactic acid bacteria, Stre...

A Ni-Cu ion exchange has been observed for (5,15-dibromo-10,20-diphenylporphyrinato)nickel(II) (NiDBrDPP) and (5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)porphyrinato)nickel(II) (NiTBrPP) on Cu(111). The ion exchange proceeds at a faster rate for the NiDBrDPP/Cu(111) system compared to NiTBrPP/Cu(111). This is explained in terms of the macrocycle-substrate distance and the distortions that occur when th...

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