It is commonly assumed that creatine kinase (CK) activity in plasma is related to the state of an inflammatory response at 24-48 h, and also it has shown biphasic patterns after a marathon run. No information is available on CK isoenzymes after an ultra-marathon run. The purpose of the present study is to examine the CK isoenzymes after a 200 km ultra-marathon run and during the subsequent reco...

We examined neuromuscular activity during stochastic (variable intensity) 100-km cycling time trials (TT) and the effect of dietary carbohydrate manipulation. Seven endurance-trained cyclists performed two 100-km TT that included five 1-km and four 4-km high-intensity epochs (HIE) during which power output, electromyogram (EMG), and muscle glycogen data were analyzed. The mean power output of t...

we investigate the temperature-dependences of the Brillouin frequency shift in three different kind of single-mode fibers using a heterodyne method for sensing temperature. Positive dependences coefficients of 0.77, 0.56 and 1.45MHz/0C are demonstrated for 25 km long single-mode fiber, 10 km long non-zero dispersion shifted fiber and 100 m photonic crystal fiber, respectively. The results indic...

We experimentally demonstrate a superior performance of 2.1-Tb/s·km OFDM signal transmission over 100-km long-reach PONs. While the bandwidth of a 100-km SMF transmission system is limited to 4.3 GHz due to positive chirp, we successfully achieve spectrally-efficient 21-Gb/s signaling by using a cost-effective and low-chirp EAM, and adopting the 128-QAM format and adaptive subcarrier pre-emphasis.

Systemic inflammation has been found in association with vascular endothelial function for clinical implications including exercise-induced pathology. However, information on the relationship between the exercise-related inflammatory responses and endothelial function is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of prolonged endurance exercise on the expression of selected soluble ad...

Flying-foxes (Pteropodidae) are large bats capable of long-distance flight. Many species are threatened; some are considered pests. Effective conservation and management of flying-foxes are constrained by lack of knowledge of their ecology, especially of movement patterns over large spatial scales. Using satellite telemetry, we quantified long-distance movements of the grey-headed flying-fox Pt...

The Gm and Km immunoglobulin allotypes are presented, for the first time, for six South American Indian tribes (Baniwa, Kanamari, Kraho, Makiritare, Panoa, and Ticuna) and one Central American tribe (Guaymi). Additional allotype information is presented for five previously reported South American tribes (Cayapo, Piaroa, Trio, Xavante and Yanomama). The distributions of the Gm and Km allotypes a...

p. 396, col. 2, full para. 2 ("Perhaps..."): The vehicle efficiency stated is from a simulation of on-road performance, obtained by multiplying each vector in the standard EPA test cycles by 1.3. The equivalent EPA adjusted efficiency (the kind used for official efficiency ratings and shown on the window stickers of market vehicles) is 2.06 L-equivalent per 100 km, 48.5 km/L-equivalent, or 114 ...

We employ a time-dependent collisional evolution code to study the conditions under which the 50{200 km radius Edgeworth-Kuiper Objects (EKOs) in the region between 30 and 50 AU (now called the Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt, or EKB; Edgeworth 1943, 1949; Kuiper 1951) were formed. Assuming that these bodies were created by pairwise accretion from 1 to 10 km building blocks, we nd that three conditions w...