S1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 S2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 S3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

G. H. Schmid, K. P. Bader, and R. Schulder Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Biologie, Lehrstuhl Zellphysiologie Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Bundesrepublik Deutschland Z. Naturforsch. 49c, 108-114 (1994); received July 26/October 11,1993 Filamentous Cyanobacterium, S-State, Metastable S3-State, Kok Model In the filamentous cyanobacterium Oscillatoria chalybea deactivation of the S-sta...

Accumulation of proline is a defense mechanism against external stress conditions, preventing damage to the structure and function cells improving plant development processes, such as germination. The purpose this study was investigate treatment means germination Norway spruce seedlings. effect exogenous has been studied in three stages initial development. collected seeds were soaked water or ...

abstract this research was conducted in toroq experimental field station, mashhad, iran, for two successive cropping seasons (2000-2002), using split plot experimental design based on complete randomized blocks with three replications. moisture stress treatments (at seven levels) were assigned to main plots, including: d1 ( full irrigation), d2 (no irrigation from one-leaf to double ridge) stag...

introduction major cultivated cotton regions of iran are located in dry and semiarid climates, therefore water deficiency or drought stress is inseparable part of cotton production systems in these regions. so identification and introduction of drought tolerant cotton genotypes is crucial. showed that water stress decreased plant growth rate, leaf area and finally photosynthesis in cotton. in a...

Essential oil isolated from lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) mutant cv. GRL-1 leaves is mainly composed of geraniol (G) and geranyl acetate (GA). The proportion of G and GA markedly fluctuates during leaf development. The proportions of GA and G in the essential oil recorded at day 10 after leaf emergence were approximately 59% and approximately 33% respectively. However, the level of GA went ...

In order to explore the effect of relationship between combination sowing date and nitrogen application rate on status rice plants uptake transfer after anthesis, three dates were set—23 May (S1), 2 June (S2), 12 (S3)—and four fertilizer treatments—no (N0), 180 (N1), 270 (N2), 360 (N3) kg N/hm2—were applied in a field experiment. The dynamic characteristics post-anthesis under different treatme...

For an integer s1, s2, s3 > 0, let Ns1,s2,s3 denote the graph obtained by identifying each vertex of a K3 with an end vertex of three disjoint paths Ps1+1, Ps2+1, Ps3+1 of length s1, s2, and s3, respectively. We determine a family F of graphs such that, every 3-connected (K1,3, Ns1,s2,1)-free graph Γ with s1 + s2 + 1 ≤ 10 is hamiltonian if and only if the closure of Γ is L(G) for some graph G /...

in order to investigate the weed diversity and modeling light interception in sole and intercropping millet and bean an experiment was conducted as complete randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4 replications at the agricultural research station, ferdowsi university of mashhad, iran, during 2008. treatments included monocultures, intercropping of millet and bean and a control treatment...