We tested the effect of tramadol on ventilatory control by quantifying its effect on the steady-state ventilatory carbon dioxide response and by locating its site of respiratory action within the ventilatory control system. We imposed square-wave changes in end-tidal carbon dioxide (approximately 1 kPa; end-tidal oxygen concentration kept constant at resting levels) in 10 healthy volunteers (si...

We studied cerebral pressure autoregulation and carbon dioxide reactivity during propofol-induced electrical silence of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in 10 patients. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg kg-1, fentanyl 3 micrograms kg-1 and vecuronium 0.1 mg kg-1, and a propofol infusion of 250-300 micrograms kg-1 min-1 was used to induce EEG silence. Cerebral pressure autoregulation wa...

Bioprocess scale-up is a fundamental component of process development in the biotechnology industry. When scaling up a mammalian cell culture process, it is important to consider factors such as mixing time, oxygen transfer, and carbon dioxide removal. In this study, cell-free mixing studies were performed in production scale 5,000-L bioreactors to evaluate scale-up issues. Using the current bi...

Background: Apoptosis of alveolar septal cells has been linked to emphysema formation. Nitrogen dioxide, a component of cigarette smoke, has been shown to induce alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis in vitro. It is hypothesised that exposure of rats to nitrogen dioxide may result in increased alveolar septal cell apoptosis in vivo with ensuing emphysema—that is, airspace enlargement and loss of a...

One of the methods used to reduce pain and discomfort during colonoscopy is insufflation of carbon dioxide instead of air. However, the actual benefit of carbon dioxide insufflation is not unequivocally proven. The aim of the study was to evaluate the advantages of carbon dioxide insufflation during screening colonoscopy. A total of 200 patients undergoing screening colonoscopy between 2010 and...

In this study, we aimed to compare supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and ethanol extraction for isoegomaketone (IK) content in perilla leaf extracts and to identify the optimal method. We measured the IK concentration using HPLC and inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells from the extracts. The IK concentration was 10-fold higher in perilla leaf extra...

We assessed the cardiorespiratory effects of laparoscopic procedures in 27 infants aged between 36 and 365 days. Infants were monitored and anaesthetised in a standardised manner. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide and oxygen saturation were recorded, and blood gases were measured at 5 min after intubation, 15 and 30 min after carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum, 5 min aft...

A commentary on Sulfur dioxide contributes to the cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction in rats A commentary on Sulfur dioxide contributes to the cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction in rats The article by Qin et al. showed that sulfur dioxide contributes in the impairment of cardiac and mitochondrial function in rat H9C2 transformed cardiomyoblasts (1). The authors investigated the effect of ...

OBJECTIVE Changes in renal hemodynamics occur in patients with severe COPD, especially during an acute exacerbation. Renal hemodynamics are affected by changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, but these changes have not been well defined, particularly in the acute clinical situation. We wished to determine whether oxygen or carbon dioxide levels have the predominant effect on renal hemodyna...

Atmospheric carbon dioxide increased at a rate of 2.8 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year-1) during 1988 to 1992 (1 Pg = 10(15) grams). Given estimates of fossil carbon dioxide emissions, and net oceanic uptake, this implies a global terrestrial uptake of 1.0 to 2. 2 Pg C year-1. The spatial distribution of the terrestrial carbon dioxide uptake is estimated by means of the observed spatial ...