This paper presents the microbial risks associated with the reuse of Ecosan sludge in agriculture. Sludge from KwaZulu Natal Province in South Africa with a helminth ova content of 30 HO/g TS, faecal coliforms of 10(6) CFU/g TS, faecal streptococci of 10(6) CFU/g TS and Salmonella spp. of 10(5) CFU/g TS was used for this purpose. Applying different rates of sludge to spinach and carrots resulte...

Most probable numbers (MPNs) of methanogens in various salt marsh and estuarine sediments were determined with an anaerobic, habitat-simulating culture medium with 80% H(2) plus 20% CO(2) as substrate. Average MPNs for the short Spartina (SS) marsh sediments of Sapelo Island, Ga., were maximal at the 5- to 7-cm depth (1.2 x 10/g of dry sediment). Populations decreased to approximately 880/g of ...

skidding operations can cause considerable and wide spread soil disturbance. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ground skidding operations on soil compaction, moisture content, and total porosity at different levels of slope and traffic frequency. four levels of traffic intensity (3, 8, 13, and >13 passes of a crawler tractor onezhets ? 110) and three levels of slope ( 2...

EAF plants normally consume coal and coke as reactants, alloying elements, or fuel. The price of these materials varies from € 0.20-0.35/kg. This is while nearly 10 million pieces of tires are annually discarded in Iran. The present study shows that scrap tires can be used as a substitute for coal and coke in EAF plants. Thirteen grades of steel including low, medium, and high carbon steels as ...

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is an uncommon cause of visual loss following blunt or penetrating head trauma, but the consequences can be devastating, especially in cases with bilateral optic nerve involvement. Although the majority of patients are young adult males, about 20% of cases occur during childhood. A diagnosis of TON is usually straightforward based on the clinical history and exa...

a filed experiment was conducted to assay the effect of nitrogen fertilization and cultivated density on essential oil content on dragonhead (dracocephalum moldavica) in semi-arid conditions in 100 km of south east of mashhad. the experiment was done as factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications, factor included four levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 50, 100...