The expansion of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) acreage, increasing yields, and recent nitrogen (N) fertilization recommendations could have a major effect on the contribution of biological N fixation (BNF) in soybeans to reactive nitrogen (Nr) in the environment. We used N natural abundance to separate fixed N into grain, aboveground vegetative biomass, and roots along a 9-point N-fertilizer ...

Thirty-five available feeds were fermented in vitro in order to investigate their soluble total organic carbon (TOCs) and methane (CH4) production rate. A fermentation reactor was designed to capture the CH4 gas emitted and to collect liquor from the reactor during in vitro fermentation. The results showed that CH4 production rate greatly varied among feeds with different ingredients. The lowes...

The loss caused by the so-called minor diseases is not usually considered of sufficient importance to warrant the adoption of control measures such as those used in combating major diseases; nevertheless it has frequently been asserted that if the total loss due to the activities of all minor diseases could be estimated it would probably amount to more than is imagined. Further, a disease which...

During the 1980s, the European Union, the US, and Japan followed policies designed to limit the production of grain. In so doing, the production and stock of grain declined during the decade in developed countries. However, grain production increased in developing countries during the 1980s, causing the overall world supply of grain to grow faster than demand. International market prices for...

this experiment was conducted for estimating the effect of row spacing and plant density on soil moisture change, wheat yield and water use efficiency in rainfed condition, using a three replicated randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement at gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources farm in anbare-ololum region in 2008-2009. the treatments that used wer...

Hybrid selection in maize (Zea mays L.) over the decades has increased post-silking dry matter (PostDM) and nitrogen (PostN) accumulation, often with an accompanying increase in one or more N use efficiency (NUE) metrics such as partial factor productivity (PFP), N conversion efficiency (NCE), and N internal efficiency (NIE). More certainty on the underlying mechanisms of how PostDM and PostN c...

in the fundamental production inventory model, in order to solve the economic production quantity (epq) we always fix both the demand quantity and the production quantity per day. but, in the real situation, both of them probably will have little disturbances every day. therefore, we should fuzzify both of them to solve the economic production quantity (q*) per cycle. using α-cut for defuzzific...

ABSTRACT Fumonisin is a group of homologous mycotoxins produced by several species of Fusarium. Fumonisin has been associated with Fusarium ear and kernel rot of corn (Zea mays) and several toxicoses of animals and humans. Corn inbreds with a high level of resistance to fumonisin production and accumulation in grain have not been identified. The objective of this study was to evaluate a genetic...

Motor fuel grade ethanol (MFGE) is the fastest growing market for ethanol worldwide; and MFGE production dwarfs the combined total production of all other grades of ethanol. Fermentation ethanol, as fuel (and solvent), has experienced several cycles of growth and decline since the early 1800s. By 1860, production had reached more than 90 million gallons per year. In 1861 Congress imposed a tax ...