Hydraulic redistribution (HR) - the movement of water from moist to dry soil through plant roots - occurs worldwide within a range of different ecosystems and plant species. The proposed ecological and hydrologic impacts of HR include increasing dry-season transpiration and photosynthetic rates, prolonging the life span of fine roots and maintaining root-soil contact in dry soils, and moving ra...

Citrus volkameriana Tan. and Pasq. (`Volkamer' lemon) seedlings were inoculated with ®ve different communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi collected from citrus orchards in Mesa and Yuma, AZ, USA, and undisturbed North American Sonoran Desert and Chihuahuan Desert soils. Plants were then grown in a glasshouse for four months under continually moist or periodically dry conditions achiev...

Reducing emissions is essential for minimizing the impact of soil fumigation on the environment. Water application to the soil surface (or water seal) has been demonstrated to reduce 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) emissions in soil column tests. This study determined the effectiveness of water application to reduce emissions of 1,3-D and chloropicrin (CP) in comparison to other surface seals under...

Neonicotinoid insecticides have come under increasing scrutiny for their impact on non-target organisms, especially pollinators. The current scientific literature is mainly focused on the impact of these insecticides on pollinators and some aquatic insects, leaving a knowledge gap concerning soil invertebrates. This study aimed at filling this gap, by determining the toxicity of imidacloprid an...

Population development of Tylenchulus semipenetrans in dry soil was investigated in a greenhouse study. Citrus seedlings were grown in sandy soil in vertical tubes with upper and lower sections. Nematode population densities in the upper tubes were measured at 16, 23, and 37 days, post-treatment. Three treatments consisted of i) irrigating both tubes when soil water potential reached -1 5 kPa (...

1293, 2001; [5] Jun I., JPL, pers. comm., 2002; [6] Hahn et al., IEEE Trans. Nuc. Sci., submitted, 2002; [7] Waters, MCNPX Users Manual, LA-UR 02-2607, 2002. Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the NS, rover, and Martian surface model used for this study. Figure 2. Epithermal neutrons (counts per second) versus H2O content for the bottom dry layer. Black and left scale are for the RTG case; red and ...

The anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) and nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane-oxidizing (n-damo) bacteria in a paddy soil core (0-100 cm) were investigated with newly designed primers targeting the hydrazine synthase β-subunit (hzsB) of anammox bacteria and the recently published primers targeting the pmoA and 16S rRNA genes of n-damo bacteria. The hzsB gene was identified as a proper biom...

Climate modelling studies predict that the rain forests of the Eastern Amazon basin are likely to experience reductions in rainfall of up to 50% over the next 50-100 years. Efforts to predict the effects of changing climate, especially drought stress, on forest gas exchange are currently limited by uncertainty about the mechanism that controls stomatal closure in response to low soil moisture. ...

abstract efficient use and management of organic matter are important aspects of sustainable agricultural. organic matter is relatively low in majority of soils in iran, and continuous use of n fertilizer would create environmental hazards. therefore, the combined use of n fertilizer and organic wastes is an effective strategy. the purpose of this study was investigating of residual effects of ...

according to high importance of sodding for fast creating green beds in all seasons, this experiment carried out with aimidentifying suitable substrate and covering plant including two lawn genus and dichondra with blend seed. the trial carried out as factorial experiment with three factors based on complete block design in three replications. experimental factors consisted of planting networks...