more fundamental question: what is the rationale for treating elite suppressors with cART in the first place? We know that many of these patients are probably infected with fully replication-competent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–1 isolates [2, 3]. Furthermore, a comparison of proviral and plasma HIV clones suggests that viral evolution has occurred in these patients, meaning that the vir...

talent identification is a process through which those with the highest chance to succeed in the future will be determined. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the application of a multivariate approach in talent identification of adolescent soccer players. the research population consisted of all soccer players in tehran province aged between 12 and 16 years old. a battery of t...

Elite sporting performance results from the combination of innumerable factors, which interact with one another in a poorly understood but complex manner to mould a talented athlete into a champion. Within the field of sports science, elite performance is understood to be the result of both training and genetic factors. However, the extent to which champions are born or made is a question that ...

"Attentional" adaptations are fundamental effects for sport performance. We tested the hypothesis that tiredness and muscular fatigue poorly affect visuo-spatial attentional processes in elite karate athletes. To this aim, 14 elite karate athletes and 11 non-athletes were involved in an isometric contraction exercise protocol up to muscular fatigue. Blood lactate and attention measurements were...

The aim of this study is to describe the processes of capturing injury data of elite athletes using information and communication technologies (ICT) and the subsequent knowledge transfer of that data for analysis by medical and healthcare professionals. Previous inhibitors to effective knowledge transfer include poor data capture quality. This resulted from lack of resources to capture the data...

BACKGROUND Information on sleep quality and insomnia symptomatology among elite athletes remains poorly systematised in the sports science and medicine literature. The extent to which performance in elite sport represents a risk for chronic insomnia is unknown. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to profile the objective and experienced characteristics of sleep among elite at...

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether former female elite athletes are more likely to experience urinary incontinence (UI) later in life than non-athletes and to assess possible risk factors for UI in athletes. Three hundred and thirty-one former elite athletes (response rate 81%) and 640 controls replied to a postal questionnaire including validated questions on UI. While com...

Drawing on the literatures on elite transitions, factionalism and the new institutionalism, this paper hypothesizes that the stability of partially democratic and emerging democratic regimes is dependent on the willingness of elites to make credible commitments to cooperate and comply with democratic rules. That willingness (or lack thereof) can be signaled by the presence of cooperative or con...

Whether highly educated women are exiting the labor force to care for their children has generated a great deal of media attention, even though academic studies find little evidence of opting out. This paper shows that female graduates of elite institutions have lower labor market involvement than their counterparts from less selective institutions. Although elite graduates are more likely to e...

The aims of this study were to determine the rate, anatomical regions, onset, severity, and type of injury in the sport of calisthenics and compare injuries reported by elite and non-elite participants. Prospective reports of injuries were collected over a 12-month period from 550 elite and non-elite calisthenics participants. The participants recorded the number of training sessions, competiti...