B lymphocytes switch from secreting IgM to secreting IgG, IgA or IgE through a DNA recombination, class switch recombination (CSR), whose mechanism is incompletely understood. CSR is thought to be triggered by activation-induced deaminase (AID), which is believed to deaminate cytosines to uracil in single-strand regions of switch region DNA. Subsequent excision of uracils by uracil DNA glycosyl...

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a topic that has gained much attention lately. This attention however, is mainly focused on the consequences and benefits that are associated with CSR activities. This study contributes the extensive academic literature by finding determinants of CSR. It will do so by using the five most explanatory theories of the last decade. Using this multi-theoretic...

Circulatory, chemical, and ventilatory response factors in Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) were studied by experimental procedures and by mathematical analysis. Hemodynamic, ventilatory, and blood gas patterns in 16 patients with heart disease and CSR (group A) and 16 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) without CSR (group B) were compared. CO2 and oxygen were administered to group A. T...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical benefits of perioperative administration of high-dose prednisolone (PSL) combined with extended thymectomy on the long-term outcomes of 116 consecutive patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (MG). METHODS A retrospective review was conducted on 116 patients diagnosed with generalized MG who received alternate-day oral admini...

a r t i c l e i n f o This paper investigates how socially responsible behaviour influences firms' profits and social welfare when production entails an environmental externality. We study a Cournot oligopoly with pollution, with one CSR operating in the market. A CSR firm not only takes into account its profits but also internalises its own share of pollution and is sensitive to consumer surpl...

This paper provides a multi-level theoretical model to understand why business organizations are increasingly engaging in corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, and thereby exhibiting the potential to exert positive social change. Our model integrates theories of micro-level organizational justice, meso-level corporate governance, and macro-level varieties of capitalisms. Using a th...

Entropy and relative entropy are proposed as features extracted from symbol sequences. Firstly, a proper Iterated Function System is driven by the sequence, producing a fractal-like representation (CSR) with a low computational cost. Then, two entropic measures are applied to the CSR histogram of the CSR and theoretically justified. Examples are included.

The ‘social contract’ between the corporation and the community is of critical importance. The motivations for these contracts are continuously being revisited to understand how CSR programs can nurture and contribute to the growth of firms. While CSR issues are attracting a great deal of attention in the developed world, there is a need for more research into CSR in the developing world. This ...

Sleep breathing disorders (SBD) are commonly divided in three syndromes: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), central sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (CSA) and Cheyne-Stokes breathing syndrome (CSR), the latter two both characterized by cyclic non-obstructive breathing patterns. Because the prevalence of CSA-CSR in chronic heart failure (CHF) population has been reported from 40% to 60%, CSA-C...

In the absence of core nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) factors, Ab gene class-switch recombination (CSR) uses an alternative end-joining (A-EJ) pathway to recombine switch (S) region DNA breaks. Previous reports showing decreased S-junction micro-homologies in MSH2-deficient mice and an exonuclease 1 (EXO1) role in yeast microhomology-mediated end joining suggest that mismatch repair (MMR) pro...