Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is increasingly being used for the quantitative detection of fecal indicator bacteria in beach water. QPCR allows for same-day health warnings, and its application is being considered as an option for recreational water quality testing in the United States (USEPA, 2011. EPA-OW-2011-0466, FRL-9609-3, Notice of Availability of Draft Recreational Water...

The humanoid soccer robot league is a new international initiative to foster robotics and AI technologies using soccer games [1]. This paper provides a brief description of a low-cost autonomous humanoid soccer robot called Robo-Erectus (RE), which has been developed in the Center for Advanced Robotics and Intelligent Control (ARICC) at Singapore Polytechnic since 2001. To develop a low-cost hu...

Stress related diseases such as depression and anxiety have a high degree of co morbidity, and represent one of the greatest therapeutic challenges for the twenty-first century. The present chapter will summarize existing rodent models for research in psychiatry, mimicking depression- and anxiety-related diseases. In particular we will highlight the use of selective breeding of rodents for extr...

RATIONALE Pluripotent stem cells represent a powerful model system to study the early steps of cardiac specification for which the molecular control is largely unknown. The EGF-CFC (epidermal growth factor-Cripto/FRL-1/Cryptic) Cripto protein is essential for cardiac myogenesis in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). OBJECTIVE Here, we study the role of apelin and its G protein-coupled receptor, APJ,...

In this paper, we have reviewed the COVID induced shock to debt and deficit profiles of 10 largest economies by size GDP in 2019 referred paper as Big-10 economies. There is a sharp upsurge their government debt-GDP ratios because policy responses recession been large fiscal stimuli based on borrowing. With low often negative growth rates high deficit, are projected rise sharply these As normal...

Members of the EGF-CFC (Cripto, FRL-1, Cryptic) protein family are increasingly recognized as key mediators of cell movement and cell differentiation during vertebrate embryogenesis. The founding member of this protein family, CRIPTO, is overexpressed in various human carcinomas. Yet, the biological role of CRIPTO in this setting remains unclear. Here, we find CRIPTO expression as especially hi...

Cripto, a member of the epidermal growth factor-Cripto-FRL-Criptic (EGF-CFC) family, has been described recently as a potential target for immunotherapy (Adkins et al., J Clin Invest 2003;112:575-87). We have produced rat monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to a Cripto 17-mer peptide, corresponding to the "EGF-like" motif of Cripto. The mAbs react with most cancers of the breast, colon, lung, stomach,...

Depression is a debilitating heterogeneous disorder and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Alterations in monoaminergic neurotransmission, including noradrenergic, have been implicated in the etiology of depression. Although depression is difficult to model in animals, the availability of animal models with face, predictive and construct validity permits more in-depth investigations resu...

This paper provides a new Fuzzy Reinforcement Learning (FRL) algorithm based on critic-only architecture. The proposed algorithm, called Fuzzy Sarsa Learning (FSL), tunes the parameters of conclusion parts of the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) online. Our FSL is based on Sarsa, which approximates the Action Value Function (AVF) and is an on-policy method. In each rule, actions are selected accord...

To examine the intrasynaptic arrangement of postsynaptic receptors in relation to the functional role of the synapse, we quantitatively analyzed the two-dimensional distribution of AMPA and NMDA receptors (AMPARs and NMDARs, respectively) using SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling (SDS-FRL) and assessed the implication of distribution differences on the postsynaptic responses by simula...