Tests of deep concrete beams with internal fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement have shown that such members can exhibit lower shear strength than members with conventional steel reinforcement. To model this effect, the current paper proposes an approach based on a two-parameter kinematic theory (2PKT) for conventional deep beams. The 2PKT is built on a kinematic model with two degrees ...

Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) provides a conceptual framework for implementing reactive systems. It is a relatively recent model of programming, but has already been explored, implemented, and optimized in several useful ways. We survey the literature on FRP, its implementation, optimization, and uses, and present ideas for further research, along with some examples.

Passively damped bracing systems in steel frames, in which the conventional materials of the joint are replaced by high damping viscoelastic materials, have the potential of being effective practical means for passive vibration control of dynamically loaded civil engineering structures. However, this potential can be realized only if the associated structural penalties are reduced within accept...

The failure of a reinforced concrete member strengthened with FRP laminates may be caused by crushing of concrete, rupture of FRP laminates, or by the de-lamination of the FRP sheet. Therefore, the effectiveness and failure mode of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets applied to beams and columns is related to the degree of adhesion of the epoxy to the concrete surface. When a peeling or de-la...

This paper presents an analytical approach to describe the behavior and mode of failure of infill masonry structures strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials. The approach is used to simulate the response of strengthened infill masonry walls under the effect of out-of-plane uniformly distributed pressure simulating wind pressure. The approach includes a finite element analysis...

This paper presents a method of analysis for the response of concrete beams reinforced with fibrereinforced-plastic (FRP) tension rods and aramid spirals. Three different kinds of longitudinal reinforcement are adopted; CFRP, AFRP and GFRP. Both under-reinforced and over-reinforced sections are described. It is found that the ratio of neutral axis depth and effective depth can be used as an ind...

Fiber reinforced Polymers (FRP) have widely used for the purposes of enhances strength and ductility of concrete columns. Proper design of such hybrid columns, however, requires a better recognition of the behavior of concrete columns confined with FRP. In this paper, the influence of FRP thickness, concrete compressive strength, and column size on the performance of eccentrically loaded reacti...

Functional reactive programming facilitates programming with time-varying data that can be perceived as streams flowing through time. Thus, one can think of FRP as an inversion of flow control from the structure of the program to the structure of the data itself. In a typical (say, imperative) program, the structure of the program governs how the program will behave over time; as time moves for...