The failure of a reinforced concrete member strengthened with FRP laminates may be caused by crushing of concrete, rupture of FRP laminates, or by the de-lamination of the FRP sheet. Therefore, the effectiveness and failure mode of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets applied to beams and columns is related to the degree of adhesion of the epoxy to the concrete surface. When a peeling or de-la...

This paper presents an analytical approach to describe the behavior and mode of failure of infill masonry structures strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials. The approach is used to simulate the response of strengthened infill masonry walls under the effect of out-of-plane uniformly distributed pressure simulating wind pressure. The approach includes a finite element analysis...

This paper presents a method of analysis for the response of concrete beams reinforced with fibrereinforced-plastic (FRP) tension rods and aramid spirals. Three different kinds of longitudinal reinforcement are adopted; CFRP, AFRP and GFRP. Both under-reinforced and over-reinforced sections are described. It is found that the ratio of neutral axis depth and effective depth can be used as an ind...

Fiber reinforced Polymers (FRP) have widely used for the purposes of enhances strength and ductility of concrete columns. Proper design of such hybrid columns, however, requires a better recognition of the behavior of concrete columns confined with FRP. In this paper, the influence of FRP thickness, concrete compressive strength, and column size on the performance of eccentrically loaded reacti...

Functional reactive programming facilitates programming with time-varying data that can be perceived as streams flowing through time. Thus, one can think of FRP as an inversion of flow control from the structure of the program to the structure of the data itself. In a typical (say, imperative) program, the structure of the program governs how the program will behave over time; as time moves for...

Saito et al. (Modern Plastics 1997;74:175-7) have developed a low-cost transtibial prosthesis made of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP). The prosthesis is comprised of an aluminum pylon, a cosmetic cover, and a constant cross-section composite foot into which aluminum supports are screwed to increase load-bearing capacity. Replacing these supports with a single integrated FRP stiffener significant...

We describe a language-centric approach to solving the complex, low-level, and error-prone problem of network control. Specifically, we have designed a domain-specific language called Nettle, embedded in Haskell, that allows programming OpenFlow networks in an elegant, declarative style. Nettle is based on the principles of functional reactive programming (FRP), and as such has both continuous ...

Fine roots (FR) play a major role in the water and nutrient uptake of plants and contribute significantly to the carbon and nutrient cycles of ecosystems through their annual production and turnover. FR growth dynamics were studied to understand the endogenous and exogenous factors driving these processes in a 14-year-old plantation of rubber trees located in eastern Thailand. FR dynamics were ...