Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the five major oilseed crops cultivated worldwide. Salt stress is a common adverse condition for the growth of this crop in many countries and regions. In this study, physiological parameters and transcriptome profiles of peanut seedlings exposed to salt stress (250 mM NaCl for 4 days, S4) and recovery for 3 days (when transferred to standard conditions fo...

The large-conductance potassium channel (BK) α subunit contains a transmembrane (TM) helix S0 preceding the canonical TM helices S1 through S6. S0 lies between S4 and the TM2 helix of the regulatory β1 subunit. Pairs of Cys were substituted in the first helical turns in the membrane of BK α S0 and S4 and in β1 TM2. One such pair, W22C in S0 and W203C in S4, was 95% crosslinked endogenously. Und...

The human sex-linked genes RPS4X and RPS4Y encode distinct isoforms of ribosomal protein S4. Insufficient expression of S4 may play a role in the development of Turner syndrome, the complex human phenotype associated with monosomy X. In mice, the S4 protein is encoded by an X-linked gene, Rps4, and is identical to human S4X; there is no mouse Y homolog. We report here the organization of the hu...

INTRODUCTION/AIMS It is important to reduce psychological stresses for glycemic control in diabetes. We investigated the factors affecting psychological impact, which was involved in the disease conditions in 378 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients' self-assessed symptoms and four subscales of psychological impacts on diabetes - impact from diabetes (S1), an...

Polypeptide neurotoxins alter ion channel gating by binding to extracellular receptor sites, even though the voltage sensors are in their S4 transmembrane segments. By analysis of sodium channel chimeras, a beta-scorpion toxin is shown here to negatively shift voltage dependence of activation and enhance closed state inactivation by binding to a receptor site that requires glycine 845 (Gly-845)...

We consider a family of four-dimensional non-linear sigma models based on an O(5) symmetric group, whose fields take their values on the 4-sphere S4. An SO(4)-subgroup of the model is gauged. The solutions of the model are characterised by two distinct topological charges, the Chern-Pontryagin charge of the gauge field and the degree of the map, i.e. the winding number, of the S4 field. The one...

Dynamic Topological Logic provides a context for studying the confluence of the topological semantics for S4, based on topological spaces rather than Kripke frames; topological dynamics; and temporal logic. In the topological semantics for S4, 2 is interpreted as topological interior: thus S4 can be understood as the logic of topological spaces. Topological dynamics studies the asymptotic prope...

CONTEXT The third (S3) and fourth (S4) heart sounds detected by phonocardiography are considered to represent the criterion standards of the gallop sounds, but their test characteristics have not been explored. OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic test characteristics of the S3 and S4 for prediction of left ventricular dysfunction using a computerized heart sound detection algorithm. DESIG...