Pathogen traits, such as the virulence of an infection, can vary significantly between patients. A major challenge is to measure the extent to which genetic differences between infecting strains explain the observed variation of the trait. This is quantified by the trait's broad-sense heritability, H2. A recent discrepancy between estimates of the heritability of HIV-virulence has opened a deba...

BACKGROUND Multiple imputation is often used for missing data. When a model contains as covariates more than one function of a variable, it is not obvious how best to impute missing values in these covariates. Consider a regression with outcome Y and covariates X and X2. In 'passive imputation' a value X* is imputed for X and then X2 is imputed as (X*)2. A recent proposal is to treat X2 as 'jus...

The airflow in dairy barns is affected by many factors, such as the barn’s geometry, weather conditions, configurations of openings, cows acting heat sources, flow obstacles, etc. Computational fluids dynamics (CFD) has advantages providing detailed information and allowing fully-controlled boundary therefore widely used livestock building research. However, due to limited computing power, nume...

Abstract The evaluation of chemical similarity is very significant for the and standardization quality herbal medicines as biological activity depends on composition proportion many individual components. Many health organizations have recommended profiling consistency medicines. In this study, was performed to evaluate between batches Pelargonium sidoides maltodextrin mixture (PMM) from EPs® 7...

Previous studies have demonstrated that particulate matter, or ambient particles less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in diameter, exposure during both in utero and postnatal developmental periods triggers electrical remodeling and cardiac dysfunction during adulthood. This shows that PM2.5 can reprogram hearts that are developing in the gestational period. Despite this evidence, the cardiac effects from p...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the literature in the field of performance measurement and management (PMM) for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and large companies and propose a research agenda for the future. Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides an update of Neely’s work ‘‘The evolution of performance measurement research’’ The literature review has been carri...

Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are human deficiencies in glycoprotein biosynthesis. Previous studies showed that 1 mM mannose corrects defective protein N-glycosylation in cultured fibroblasts from some CDG patients. We hypothesized that these CDG cells have limited GDP-mannose (GDP-Man) and that exogenous mannose increases the GDP-Man levels. Using a well established method to mea...

© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200378 W. Chen[+], N.-T. Huang,[+] B. Oh, Prof. K. Kurabayashi, Prof. J. Fu Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA E-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected] Prof. J. Fu Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA Prof. K. Kurabayashi Departm...

Phosphomannomutase (PMM) deficiency causes congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG)-Ia, a broad spectrum disorder with developmental and neurological abnormalities. PMM converts mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) to mannose-1-phosphate, a precursor of GDP-mannose used to make Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-P-P-dolichol (lipid-linked oligosaccharide; LLO). LLO, in turn, is the donor substrate of oligosaccharylt...

The object of this study was to assess the efficacy of Polycan from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001, which is composed mostly of beta-1,3-1,6-glucan, on osteoarthritis (OA)-induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection and partial medial meniscectomy (ACLT&PMM). Three different dosages of Polycan (85, 42.5, and 21.25 mg/kg) were orally administered once a day for 84 days to male rats a week...