Income inequality typically declines with the length of time taken into account for measurement. This note derives an exact analytical relationship between the accounting period and inequality as measured by the Gini index. The relationship is similar to the decomposition of the coefficient of variation. The methodology is illustrated with panel data on urban wages from Mexico. It is found that...

I report estimates for a fixed-effects model of country-level Gini coefficients as a function of economic freedom along with relevant control variables. Gini coefficients are drawn from the UNU/WIDER World Income Inequality Database Version 2.0a, while economic freedom is measured by the Fraser Institute’s Economic Freedom of the World index. Controls are included for per capita income, politic...

We propose simple modifications for the Kakwani tax progressivity measure that make it suitable for evaluating access inequality for medical services. Our modification is to measure inequality using the ratio of the concentration index to the Gini coefficient instead of the difference between them. We also propose a measure using the Gini coefficient or concentration index of consumption expend...

As a fundraising method, Initial Coin Offering (ICO) has raised billions of dollars for thousands startups. Existing ICO mechanisms place more emphasis on the short-term benefits maximal while ignoring problem unbalanced token allocation, which negatively impacts subsequent and bad effects introducing new investors resources. We propose mechanism uses concept Gini index very first time as desig...