This paper reports on the North American state-of-the-art in the use of FRP composites in concrete structures. FRP bars have been used as the internal reinforcement in concrete members to replace conventional steel rebars for a host of reasons. The principles for design and construction have been established and proposed to industry by the American Concrete Institute (ACI). The fundamental prin...

As the life age of the existing structures are required to meet the changing demands on civil infrastructures. So strengthening and retrofitting are required. Recently many techniques to strengthen the reinforced concrete beams in flexural by using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) had appeared. The most famous technique among them is strengthening the (RC) beams with externally bonded FRP sheet t...

We investigate the effect of the hot CNO cycle breakout reaction 15O(α,γ)19Ne on the occurrence of type I X-ray bursts on accreting neutron stars. For frp . 0.1, where frp is a dimensionless factor by which we multiply the 15O(α,γ)19Ne reaction rate of Caughlan & Fowler (1988), our model predicts that bursts should occur only for accretion rates Ṁ below a critical value ≈ 0.3ṀEdd. This agrees w...

Both the flexural and shear strengths of reinforced concrete (RC) beams can be substantially enhanced using externally bonded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Failures of such FRP-strengthened RC beams often occur by debonding of the FRP plate from the RC beam in a number of forms. Despite numerous theoretical and experimental studies on debonding failures of FRP-strengthened RC beams...

We consider a (pure) public goods provision problem with voluntary participation in a quasi-linear economy. We propose a new hybrid solution concept, the free-ridingproof core (FRP-Core), which endogenously determines a contribution group, public goods provision level, and how to share the provision costs. The FRP-Core is always nonempty in public goods economies but does not usually achieve gl...

BACKGROUND Older healthy and HIV-infected adults exhibit physiological similarities. Frailty is a clinical syndrome associated with aging that identifies a subset of older adults at high risk of mortality and other outcomes. We investigated whether HIV infection increases the prevalence of a frailty-related phenotype (FRP) that approximates a clinical definition of frailty. METHODS We first d...

STUDY DESIGN A controlled and retrospective study of 144 chronic low back pain patients to evaluate the effectiveness of an intensive functional restoration program in France. OBJECTIVE Evaluating the efficiency of an intensive, dynamic and multidisciplinary functional restoration program in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP), during 6 and 12 months follow up. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND D...

Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) is an approach to the development of reactive systems which provides a pure functional interface, but which may be implemented as an abstraction of an imperative event-driven layer. FRP systems typically provide a model of behaviours (total time-indexed values, implemented as pull systems) and event sources (partial time-indexed values, implemented as push ...

One of the most common failure modes of strengthened RC beams with externally bonded FRP is intermediate crack (IC) debonding of FRP initiated at the tip of flexural/shear cracks. This study presents a method, using extended finite element method (XFEM), to model IC debonding in an FRP-strengthened concrete beam. In XFEM, as soon as a damage initiation criterion is reached in an element, additi...