Clark and Chalmers (1998) defend the view that the human mind need not be in the human head. To speak more carefully, they defend the view that the material vehicles 1 of cognition can be spread out across brain, body and certain aspects of the physical environment itself. Critics of this view (which has become known as the ‘extended mind hypothesis’, henceforth EM) have pointed to the supposed...

Cherkin DC, Eisenberg D, Sherman KJ, Barlow W, Kaptchuk TJ, Street J et al. Randomized Trial Comparing Traditional Chinese Medical Acupuncture, Therapeutic Massage, and Self-care Education for Chronic Low Back Pain. Arch Intern Med 2001;161(8):1081-8. Summary Two hundred and sixty-two patients aged 20 to 70 years with ‘persistent low back pain’ were randomised to receive ‘Traditional Chinese Me...

Cherkin DC, Eisenberg D, Sherman KJ, Barlow W, Kaptchuk TJ, Street J et al. Randomized Trial Comparing Traditional Chinese Medical Acupuncture, Therapeutic Massage, and Self-care Education for Chronic Low Back Pain. Arch Intern Med 2001;161(8):1081-8. Summary Two hundred and sixty-two patients aged 20 to 70 years with ‘persistent low back pain’ were randomised to receive ‘Traditional Chinese Me...