BACKGROUND Patients with diabetic foot ulcers are at a high risk of having both minor or major lower extremity amputations. AIM To identify the extent of risk factors for major and minor amputations in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was conducted from 2003 to 2005. Using the guidelines for wound classification developed by the International ...

S Schema Theory (1975) predicts that successful motor skill learning and performance are largely determined by the amount of movement variability the performer experiences during practice. This prediction has been consistently validated through a vast amount of research. Within a training environment, practice variability can be integrated by creating variation within the movements of an action...

OBJECTIVE To compare transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography (TTE, TOE) in patients with permanent pacemaker lead infection and to evaluate the safety of medical extraction in cases of large vegetations. METHODS TTE and TOE were performed in 23 patients with definite pacemaker lead infection. Seventeen patients without previous infection served as a TOE reference for non-infected ...

Optimal frequency of head-to-toe assessment in hospitalized pediatric patients is unknown. An alteration in head-to-toe assessment frequency was proposed at a Midwestern regional hospital. The purpose of this descriptive study was to evaluate patient safety and staff satisfaction following a change in head-to-toe assessment frequency. METHOD Chart audits were performed on all patients upon di...

We report on a 77-year-old woman with a history of peripheral vascular disease who presented with an acute-onset tender blue toe and deteriorating renal function. A clinical diagnosis of blue toe syndrome was made but the patient deteriorated rapidly and died. This case illustrates the rapidly devastating nature and fatality of blue toe syndrome. There is no effective treatment for this condition.

A case report is presented of an axillary plexus blockade following a second toe-to-hand transfer. After completion of the microvascular anastomoses and restoration of blood flow to the transplanted toe, the axillary plexus blockade was started. Together with the vasodilation of the hand and forearm there was a marked drop in blood flow in the transplanted toe. Possible explanations for this ph...

hallux valgus or the lateral deviation of the great toe is a complex disease. if it is not treated, it will cause the deviation of other toes. hallux valgus is three times more common in females and may cause uncomfortable deformity of the foot, problems in putting on unsuitable and narrow toe box shoes, and pain on the medial side of the first metatarsophalangeal joint; therefore, patients see...

Amphibians have invaded arboreal habitats multiple times independently during their evolution. Adaptation to these habitats was nearly always accompanied by the presence or appearance of toe pads, flattened enlargements on tips of fingers and toes that provide adhesive power in these environments. The strength and elasticity of the toe pad relies on polygonal arrayed cells ending in nanoscale p...