Chloroplast genomes (cpDNA) are highly valuable resources for evolutionary studies of angiosperms, since they are highly conserved, are small in size, and play critical roles in plants. Slipped-strand mispairing (SSM) was assumed to be a mechanism for generating repeat units in cpDNA. However, research on the employment of different small repeated sequences through SSM events, which may induce ...

Perceptions of the Same Site Model (SSM) of fieldwork, where students complete a Level I and Level II fieldwork requirement in the same setting, were examined by survey. The benefits, drawbacks, and implications of the SSM are discussed. Fieldwork educators and students identified gaining familiarity with the setting, increased comfort and decreased anxiety, and preparation for Level II fieldwo...

A new SSM/I algorithm is described that is based on near real-time data fusion with portions of operational ice charts derived from RADARSAT, OLS or AVHRR data. The aim of this is to enable parts of the ice chart where there is no cloud-free imagery or SAR data to be completed using an SSM/I algorithm that is tuned to the region and time associated with the ice chart. The algorithm is a linear ...

I define the Standard Supersymmetric Model (SSM) as the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model with gauge coupling unification and universal soft supersymmetry breaking at the unification scale. This well-defined model has a five-dimensional space of unknown parameters (m t , tan β, m 1/2 , m 0 , A). I outline the top-down and bottom-up methods of solving this model. Thresholds ...

The present research examines the implications of psychological essentialism for attitudes toward same-sex marriage (SSM), a hotly contested policy issue. Based on the literature on psychological essentialism, we tested the novel proposition that negative SSM attitudes are the result of essentialist thinking about the institution of marriage itself, the idea that marriage is universal, unique a...

One of the limitations in using Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) data for land and vegetation studies is the relatively low-spatial resolution. To ameliorate this limitation, resolution-enhancement algorithms can be applied to the data. In this paper, the Backus–Gilbert inversion (BGI) technique and the scatterometer image-reconstruction (SIR) algorithm are investigated as possible metho...

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Climatic Data Center has served as the archive of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) data from the F-8, F-10, F-11, F-13, F-14, and F-15 platforms covering the period from July 1987 to the present. Passive microwave satellite measurements from SSM/I have been used to generate climate p...

Microwave-frequency data acquired from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) has been interpreted as snow-water equivalent (SWE) for the snowpack on the upper Mattagami river watershed for the winter of 1998–1999. The Mattagami watershed is in a forested region of Ontario, Canada. Less than 10% of the area is lake or unforested wetland. The algorithm applied to the SSM/I data uses the dif...

Wheel loaders are prone to lateral tilting accidents due to their complex working environment, variable structure frame and the large offset of the centroid position. The accidents may seriously threaten the driver’s safety. This paper proposes a steady-state margin (SSM) angle as a new instability threat indicator to analyse lateral stability of wheel loaders. Firstly, the structural character...

We use Metropolis Monte Carlo and umbrella sampling to calculate the free energies of interaction of two methane molecules and their charged derivatives in cylindrical water-filled pores. Confinement strongly alters the interactions between the nonpolar solutes and completely eliminates the solvent separated minimum (SSM) that is seen in bulk water. The free energy profiles show that the methan...