سابقه و هدف: جنگل­ های زاگرس به ­عنوان یکی از بوم ­سازگان­ جنگلی مهم ایران پوشش­ گیاهی (درختان، درختچه ­ها گونه­ علفی) متنوعی برخوردار می­ باشد. شناسایی آگاهی دقیق نقش ­شناختی آنها در این ­سازگان تواند حفاظت منابع طبیعی توسعه پایدار کمک شایانی نماید. به‌منظور مطالعه تنوع گونه‌ای گیاهان چوبی ذخیره کربن خاک رابطه با عوامل فیزیوگرافیک (جهت، شیب ارتفاع سطح دریا)، رویشگاه کیکم (var. cinerascens Acer...

To cite: Vergani F, Lacerda L, Martino J, et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014;85: 1377–1385. ABSTRACT Introduction The supplementary motor area (SMA) is frequently involved by brain tumours (particularly WHO grade II gliomas). Surgery in this area can be followed by the ‘SMA syndrome’, characterised by contralateral akinesia and mutism. Knowledge of the connections of the SMA can provide ...

BACKGROUND Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive, devastating disease and a leading inherited cause of infant mortality. The limited population-based literature is confined to small regional studies. Estimates of prevalence are needed to characterize the burden of SMA and to understand trends in prevalence by disease type as new treatments become available. The reported estimates of SM...

To clarify the functional role of human pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) in 'cognitive' motor control as compared with other non-primary motor cortices (SMA-proper and lateral premotor areas) and prefrontal area, we recorded epicortical field potentials by using subdural electrodes in five epileptic patients during presurgical evaluation, whose pre-SMA, SMA-proper, prefrontal and lateral ...

The outcome of endovascular treatment in acute superior mesenteric artery (SMA) thromboembolic occlusion is variable at best. We describe three patients who underwent urgent endovascular manual aspiration thrombectomy of the SMA, illustrating the good, the bad, and the ugly. The good: a 63-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital for acute abdominal pain. Contrast-enhanced multidetect...

In preceding studies (Hikosaka et al., 1996; Sakai et al., 1998) we have shown that the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA), an anterior part of the medial premotor cortex, is active during visuo-motor sequence learning. However, the paradigm required the subjects first to acquire correct visuo-motor association and then to acquire correct sequence, and it was still unknown which of the two p...

Systemically low levels of survival motor neuron-1 (SMN1) protein cause spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). α-Motor neurons of the spinal cord are considered particularly vulnerable in this genetic disorder and their dysfunction and loss cause progressive muscle weakness, paralysis and eventually premature death of afflicted individuals. Historically, SMA was therefore considered a motor neuron-auto...

In C. elegans, the TGFβ-like type II receptor daf-4 is required for two distinct signaling pathways. In association with the type I receptor daf-1, it functions in the dauer pathway. In addition, it is also required for body size determination and male tail patterning, roles which do not require daf-1. In an effort to determine how two different signals are transmitted through daf-4, we looked ...

We have analyzed the sma-5(n678) mutant in C. elegans to elucidate mechanisms controlling body size. The sma-5 mutant is very small, grows slowly and its intestinal granules look abnormal. We found a 15 kb deletion in the mutant that includes a 226 bp deletion of the 3' end of the W06B3.2-coding sequence. Based on this result, rescue experiments, RNAi experiments and a newly isolated deletion m...

This paper presents the development of an Intelligent Mini Robot Fingers by using the Shape Memory Alloy (SMA). Taking into consideration the advantages of the SMA, a prototype of mini robot fingers is developed which will be actuated by the SMA. The mini robot fingers has 4 fingers with 3 degrees of freedom (DOF) in each finger. Hence, 12 DOFs of robot fingers are developed to allow a greater ...