Matrix Gla protein is a vitamin K-dependent protein secreted by chondrocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. The presence of matrix Gla protein was reported in arterial and venous walls, lungs, kidney, uterus, heart, tooth cementum and eyes. Several studies identified matrix Gla protein in tumoral pathology. Until recently, it was thought to only have an inhibitory role of physiological and e...

Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (GAS6) shares a high degree of similarity with protein S (PS), a cofactor for the protein C (PC) anticoagulant pathway. PS consists of an N-terminal γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain, a thrombin-sensitive region (TSR), four epidermal growth factor-like domains and a large C-terminal sex hormone-binding globulin-like domain. The TSR loop, which is not present i...

Fabry disease is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency in α-galactosidase A (GLA), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal α-galactosyl groups from glycosphingolipids, such as globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). Many of the mutations in the GLA gene are missense alterations that cause misfolding, decreased stability, and/or mistrafficking of this protein. Small molecule ...

Studies were carried out on the fermentative production of g-linolenic acid (GLA) using seven strains belonging to Mucorales. An oleaginous fungal strain, isolated from the Western Ghats of Kerala produced GLA at a level of 8 % (by mass), when grown in a complex medium containing glucose as the sole carbon source. Effects of different culture conditions were investigated in shake flasks. Maximu...

Timo Kaukoranta Olli Nevalainen University of Turku Turku Centre for Computer Science (TUCS) Department of Computer Science Lemminkäisenkatu 14 A FIN-20520 Turku, Finland Abstract. The well-known LBG algorithm uses binary splitting for generating an initial codebook, which is then iteratively improved by the generalized Lloyd algorithm (GLA). We study different variants of the splitting method ...

To evaluate the contributions of individual gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (gla) residues to the overall Ca(2+)-dependent anticoagulant activity of activated human protein C (APC), we used recombinant (r) DNA technology to generate protein C (PC) variants in which each of the gla precursor glutamic acid (E) residues (positions 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, and 29) was separately altered to aspartic...

Giant left atrium (GLA) is a well-described entity in association with rheumatic heart disease. However, mitral valve prolapse is an extremely unusual cause of GLA, especially without the compressive symptoms it can often accompany. We discuss a case of a 78-year-old lady with no prior history of rheumatic heart disease with these findings with the unusual presentation of accompanied unilateral...

In Brief New insulin glargine 300 units/mL (Gla-300) is a formulation of insulin glargine that has a more constant pharmacokinetic profile with a prolonged duration of action. The EDITION clinical trial program showed that the use of Gla-300 leads to glycemic control comparable to that of insulin glargine 100 units/mL in a wide range of populations of people with diabetes. It is associated with...

Fabry disease is a rare inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by a partial or complete deficiency of α-galactosidase A (GLA), resulting in the storage of excess cellular glycosphingolipids. Enzyme replacement therapy is available for the treatment of Fabry disease, but it is a costly, intravenous treatment. Alternative therapeutic approaches, including small molecule chaperone therapy, ar...