This paper analyzes the IEEE 802.11i wireless networking standard with respect to data confidentiality, integrity, mutual authentication, and availability. Under our threat model, 802.11i appears to provide effective data confidentiality and integrity when CCMP is used. Furthermore, 802.11i may provide satisfactory mutual authentication and key management, although there are some potential impl...

A new method, the ‘read speech normalization' method (RSN), is proposed by which the variability of prosodic parameters (rhythmic durational and intonation) can be compared across different conditions of spontaneous speech. In an experiment using a customized variety of the map task method, spontaneous speech was elicited from two speakers of English in a formal and an informal situation. Sente...

In the new standards for WLAN security, many choices exist for the authentication process. In this paper, we list eight desired properties of WLAN authentication protocols, survey eight recent authentication protocols, and analyze the protocols according to the desired properties.

Population dynamics of A. ritzemabosi and D. dipsaci were studied in two alfalfa fields in Wyoming. Symptomatic stem-bud tissue and root-zone soil from alfalfa plants exhibiting symptoms of D. dipsaci infection were collected at intervals of 3 to 4 weeks. Both nematodes were extracted from stem tissue with the Baermann funnel method and from soil with the sieving and Baermann funnel method. Soi...

تعد تقنية الواقع المعزز من أبرز التقنيات الحديثة في مجال التعليم التي تدمج بيئة المستخدم الحقيقية بكائنات الرقمية لدعم الموقف التعليمي بأسلوب شيق يساعد على فهم المفاهيم المجردة. وقد مثلت هذه التقنية نقلة نوعية كبيرة لدمج العملية التعليمية يمكن خلالها تصميم وبناء بيئات تعلم افتراضية مشابهه للبيئة الواقعية يتعلم فيها المتعلمون، البيئات الافتراضية شأنها أن تسهم إكسابهم مهارات عالية تنفيذ بعض المها...