We compute the mass of the charm quark using both quenched and dynamical lattice QCD calculations. We examine the effects of mass dependent lattice artifacts by comparing two different formalisms for the heavy quarks. We take the continuum limit of the charm mass in quenched QCD by extrapolating from three different lattice spacings. At a fixed lattice spacing, the mass of the charm quark is co...

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) provides an excellent description of nature; however, the theory suffers from divergences that must be removed to render it finite. Lattice QCD provides an apriori non-perturbative regularization of QCD that makes it amenable to analytic and computational methods. No model assumptions other than QCD itself are needed to formulate the theory. This review surveys the ...

خلصت هذه الدراسة إلى دحض الادعاء بوجود فجوة تاريخية في تطور علم الاقتصاد، حيث تمكن الرواد الأوائل من الاقتصاديين المسلمين وضع العديد الأسس الفكرية لعلم الاقتصاد. تسلط الضوء على الفترة الزمنية التي تم تجاهلها قصداً أو جهلا لتكشف عن الجذور التاريخية الاقتصاد الإسلامي وتكشف الحلقة المفقودة منذ القرن الهجري الأول الخامس، سعت نقض ادعاء الريادة الغربية خلال ما عرضته إسهامات للمفكرين الذين سبقوا الغربي...

After a brief historical review of the emergence of QCD as the quantum field theory of strong interactions, the basic notions of colour and gauge invariance are introduced leading to the QCD Lagrangian. The second lecture is devoted to perturbative QCD, from tree-level processes to higher-order corrections in renormalized perturbation theory, including jet production in e + e − annihilation , h...

In 1973, with the discovery of asymptotic freedom , QCD was at the frontier of particle physics studies. Now, in 2006, QCD is strongly installed (returning) at the center of particle physics researches. This, not only because of the abundance of data on jet emission at HERA and Tevatron, but especially for the necessity of preparing tools for discoveries at LHC. Indeed, events with large ET , a...

We study the phase diagrams of N = ∞ vector-like, asymptotically free gauge theories as a function of volume, on S3 × S1. The theories of interest are the ones with fermions in two index representations [adjoint, (anti)symmetric, and bifundamental abbreviated as QCD(adj), QCD(AS/S) and QCD(BF)], and are interrelated via orbifold or orientifold projections. The phase diagrams reveal interesting ...

We study the phase diagrams of N = ∞ vector-like, asymptotically free gauge theories as a function of volume, on S3 × S1. The theories of interest are the ones with fermions in two index representations [adjoint, (anti)symmetric, and bifundamental abbreviated as QCD(adj), QCD(AS/S) and QCD(BF)], and are interrelated via orbifold or orientifold projections. The phase diagrams reveal interesting ...

The title ‘Chiral extrapolations’ of this contribution refers more precisely to chiral extrapolations of lattice QCD data. We shall deal with low-energy aspects of QCD, which are not accessible to ordinary weak-coupling perturbation theory. Possible alternatives to weak-coupling perturbation theory in the low-energy domain of QCD include the investigation of specific models, Monte Carlo simulat...