هدف البحث الى قياس مدى مساهمة تطبيق الإجراءات المقترحة للرقابة الداخلية على وفق إطار COSO المحدث في تحسين إجراءات عمل الرقابة شركات النفط العراقية. إذ أن مشكلة تمثلت اقتراح وإيجاد علاقة الارتباط والتأثير بينها وبين المعمول بها واتبع المنهج الكمي التعامل مع الظاهرة وتحليلها عبر تصميم إستبانة (Questionnaire) لتمثل أداة لجمع البيانات. وتمثل مجتمع الدراسة العراقية، فيما عينة أربعة نفطية وهي (شركة ت...

BACKGROUND Surgical treatment with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of displaced middle-third clavicular fractures resulted in shorter complete return to work periods with earlier consolidation documented on computed tomography (CT) scans in this prospective, randomized controlled trial. METHODS The study randomized 76 consecutive patients with displaced fractures (2B1-2B2 accordin...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of the mandibular fractures relating to gender, age, the etiology of injury, and the rendered treatment modalities and complications. The data of the patients who sustained mandibular fractures were retrieved and were analyzed retrospectively, and based on these data a descriptive analysis was conducted. A total of 11...

Preservation of the soft tissue is of particular importance in the care of pilon fractures. Improper soft tissue management has been attributed to high rates of nonunion, nerve injury, and failures (1–12). Traditional open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of pilon fractures allows for direct visualization of the fracture(s) but is criticized for the large exposure and periosteal stripping. As...

The surgical management of ankle fractures among the diabetic population is associated with higher complication rates compared to the general population. Efforts toward development of better methods in prevention and treatment are continuously evolving for these injuries. The presence of peripheral neuropathy and the possible development of Charcot neuroarthropathy in this high risk patient pop...

PURPOSE To compare and contrast postoperative complications in the geriatric population following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for (DF) fractures relative to femoral neck (FN) fractures. METHODS Patients aged 65 years and older in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database who underwent ORIF for FN fractures or DF fractures from 2005...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The current surgical treatment for displaced fracture of the capitellum and trochlea is open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), but the results are often unsatisfactory, particularly with complex fractures. Furthermore, the surgical approach, the kind of osteosynthesis, and postoperative management are controversial. We evaluated the results of internal fixation comb...

Three- and four-part fractures of the proximal humerus are usually treated surgically. Open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) is the method of choice in younger patients. Anatomic reduction of the tuberosities is crucial to ensure that, in the event of poorly tolerated avascular necrosis of the humeral head, hemiarthroplasty can be performed under optimal conditions. Suboptimal outcomes m...

BACKGROUND The optimal technique for operative fixation of humeral shaft fractures remains controversial and warrants research. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the current study was to compare the functional and clinical outcomes of conventional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in patients with fractures in two-third distal humeral shaf...