The title compounds, C20H16ClO2P, (I), and C18H21O2P, (II), were synthesized via an Arbuzov reaction between an α-bromo-ketone and isopropoxydi-phenyl-phosphane. In the crystals of both compounds, mol-ecules are linked via bifurcated C-H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [100] for (I) and along [010] for (II). The chains are linked via C-H⋯π inter-actions, leading to the fo...

The holder of a petroleum exploration concession has an investment option until the expiration date fixed by the governmental agency, in some countries these rights can be extended by additional cost. The value of these rights and the optimal investment timing are calculated by solving a stochastic optimal control problem of an American call option with extendible maturities. The uncertainty of...

O¢ cial Development Aid ‡ows are volatile, non-predictable and, also, nontransparent. All these features give rise to asymmetric information about the amount of aid ‡ows received by developing countries. This article uses a political economy model of rent extraction to show how this asymmetry (i) encourages rent extraction by kleptocratic regimes, thus reducing aid e¢ ciency, and (ii) increases...

Chinese city-level data indicate that differences in growth rates are far more severe than indicated in previous studies which typically use data at higher levels of aggregation. We estimate growth equations using city-level data and find that the policy of awarding a special economic zone status enhances growth substantially, increasing annual growth rates by 5.5 percentage points. Annual grow...

Lanthanum-aluminate (LaA103) is one of the optimum substrates for epitaxic growth of thin oxide films. In this paper, the structures of the {100} and {110} surfaces of annealed LaA103 are studied using reflection electron microscopy (REM). (010) steps have been observed on {100}, these are the lowest energy steps. The {100} surface is atomically flat, but the {110} surfaces exhibit high-density...

In the title compound, C(24)H(19)ClN(2)O(3)S, the sulfonyl-bound benzene ring forms dihedral angles of 38.1 (2) and 81.2 (1)°, respectively, with the formyl benzene and benzene rings. The mol-ecular conformation is stabilized by a weak intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond, which generates an S(5) ring motif. The crystal packing is stabilized by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which generate C(7) zigzag ch...