This review analyzes the state of the art of targeted therapies for several tumors, starting from the paradigmatic example of Imatinib treatment in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We discuss how rare tumors can be models for various mechanisms of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation, and provide the opportunity to develop new therapies also for more common cancer types. We discuss the ...

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are transmembrane receptors that regulate signal transduction in cells. As a member of the TAM (Tyro-3, Axl, Mer) RTK subfamily, Axl regulates key processes such as cell growth, migration, aggregation, and apoptosis through several pathways. Its overexpression/overactivation has been underlined in several conditions, especially cancers, and in both chemotherapy a...

For the development of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), third generation BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) achieved full constellation for worldwide service on 23 June 2020. The new signals, B1C and B2a BDS-3, further enhance compatibility interoperability between different GNSSs. In this study, we first assessed quality all signals in BDS-3/GPS/Galileo. Then, to achieve am...

BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disorder characterized by an increase in pulmonary artery pressure and structural changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Several observations indicate that growth factors play a key role in PH by modulating pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PA-SMC) function. In rats, established monocrotaline-induced PH (MCT-PH) can be reversed by blocki...

It has been well established that ERK1/2 signaling, often subdivided into nine types of pathways, can regulate the hepatocyte proliferative response during liver regeneration. However, the effect of ERK1/2 signaling on the proliferation of other hepatic cell types remains unclear. We isolated and purified 8 liver cell types at 10 time points after 2/3 hepatectomy in adult rats. For each cell ty...

Abstract Precise ionospheric information, as like precise satellite orbits, clocks, and code/phase biases, is a critical factor for achieving fast integer ambiguity resolution in point positioning (PPP-AR). This study develops an ionosphere-weighted (IW) undifferenced uncombined PPP real-time kinematic (PPP-RTK) network model using code phase observations. We introduce between-station single-di...

Abstract Real-Time Kinematic Precise Point Positioning (PPP–RTK) is inextricably linked to external ionospheric information. The PPP–RTK performances vary much with the accuracy of information, which derived from different network scales, given prior variances, and obtained under disturbed conditions. This study investigates relationships between performances, in terms precision convergence tim...

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a major drug target in cancer and current inhibitors targeted to the ATP-binding pocket of the kinase domain have entered clinical trials. However, preliminary results have shown limited single-agent efficacy in patients. Despite these unfavorable data, the molecular mechanisms that drive intrinsic and acquired resistance to FAK-kinase inhibitors are largely unkno...

The integration of Global Positioning System (GPS) real-time kinematics (RTK) and an inertial navigation system (INS) has been widely used in many applications, such as mobile mapping and autonomous vehicle control. Such applications require high-accuracy position information. However, continuous and reliable high-accuracy positioning is still challenging for GPS/INS integration in urban enviro...

DDR2 mutations occur in approximately 4% of lung squamous cell cancer (SCC) where the tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib has emerged as a new therapeutic option. We found that ERK and AKT phosphorylation was weakly inhibited by dasatinib in DDR2-mutant lung SCC cells, suggesting that dasatinib inhibits survival signals distinct from other oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and/or compen...