In situ electromagnetic (EM) radio frequency (RF) exposure to base stations of emerging wireless technologies is assessed at 311 locations, 68 indoor and 243 outdoor, spread over 35 areas in three European countries (Belgium, The Netherlands, and Sweden) by performing narrowband spectrum analyzer measurements. The locations are selected to characterize six different environmental categories (ru...

Long Term Evolution (LTE), is a standard for radio communications of highspeed data transmission for mobile phones and data business [1]. It is based on the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM)/ Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)/ High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) network technologies, increasing the capacity and speed using ...

In this work, we develop performance evaluation models for some intrasite coordination schemes in cellular networks, with a focus on Multi-flow transmission in HSPA+. We first focus on a static scheme where coordination is always performed for all users in the overlapping region of two cells. Through the analysis of a flow-level model, we show that this scheme indeed improves the cell-edge thro...

Provision of high speed Internet access on moving trains is a challenging task, recently addressed by several research projects and also network operators, resulting in different proprietary solutions involving different telecommunication technologies. Some solutions are being tested in pilot networks while there are already some in commercial operation. The most challenging aspect is the provi...

On-line coupling of gel electrophoresis with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (GE-ICP-MS) offers a strategy to monitor intracellular metals and their associated proteins simultaneously. Herein, we examine the feasibility of the GE-ICP-MS system in the quantitative analysis of intracellular metal binding properties using two Helicobacter pylori metallochaperones HypA and HspA overexp...

Nickel is an essential metal for Helicobacter pylori, as it is the co-factor of two enzymes crucial for colonization, urease and hydrogenase. Nickel is taken up by specific transporters and its intracellular homeostasis depends on nickel-binding proteins to avoid toxicity. Nickel trafficking is controlled by the Ni(II)-dependent transcriptional regulator NikR. In contrast to other NikR proteins...

Post third generation (3G) broadband mobile networks such as HSPA+, LTE and LTE-Advanced offer improved spectral efficiency and higher data rates using innovative technologies such as relay nodes and femto cells. In addition, these networks are normally deployed for parallel operation with existing heterogeneous networks. This increases the complexity of network management and operations, which...

This paper is aimed at presenting the real-time High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) emulator that has been developed in the framework of the AROMA project. Real-time emulators allow reproducing realistic scenarios to test algorithms, strategies, protocols and applications under realistic conditions. Therefore, real-time emulators constitute a powerful tool to evaluate the end-user’s Quality of Expe...

Distributed base station architectures represent the new trend that operators follow in order to resolve cost, performance and efficiency challenges when deploying 4G networks. Main components of such architectures are multimode radios capable of operating according to GSM, HSPA, WiMAX and LTE standards, known as remote radio heads (RRH). The key feature of remote radio heads is the extended so...

The rapidly increasing number of mobile devices, capacious data, and higher data rate are pushing to rethink the current generation of the cellular mobile communication. The next or fifth generation (5G) of the cellular networks is expected to meet the requirements. Pervasive connectivity, low latency and very high data transfer are the unique features of 5G networks. Long Term Evolution is a s...