Norovirus GII.4 is recognized as a worldwide cause of nonbacterial outbreaks. In particular, the GII.4 variant occurs every 2-3 years according to antigenic variation. The aim of our study was to identify GII.4 variants in outbreaks in Korea during 2004-2012. Partial VP1 sequence of norovirus GII.4-related outbreaks during 2004-2012 was analyzed. The partial VP1 sequence was detected with rever...

Norovirus, which belongs to the family Caliciviridae, is one of the major causes of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in the world. The main human noroviruses are of genogroup I (GI) and genogroup II (GII), which were subdivided further into at least 15 and 18 genotypes (GI/1 to GI/15 and GII/1 to GII/18), respectively. The development of immunological diagnosis for norovirus had been hindered...

BACKGROUND Noroviruses (NoVs) are genetically diverse, with genogroup II-and within it-genotype 4 (GII.4) being the most prevalent cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. The aim of this study was to characterize genogroup II NoV causing acute gastroenteritis in the Basque Country (northern Spain) from 2009-2012. METHODS The presence of NoV RNA was investigated by reverse transcriptase-poly...

BACKGROUND Noroviruses (NoVs) are considered major causative pathogens associated with the morbidity and mortality of young children with acute gastroenteritis. However, few studies have examined NoVs causing acute diarrhea among outpatient children worldwide. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical features and molecular epidemiology of NoVs in outpatient children with acute gastr...

Little is known about the role of noroviruses (NVs) in sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis in adults. The GII-4 NVs are currently the globally dominant genotype with diverse genetic makeups. The mechanism(s) underlying the persistence and rapid evolution of the viruses are not yet clear. In this study we collected 547 specimens from adult of >14 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in Be...

The predominance and continual emergence of new variants in GII-4 noroviruses (NVs) in recent years have raised questions about the role of host immunity and histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) in NV evolution. To address these questions, we performed a genetic and phenotypic characterization of GII-4 variants circulating in the past decade (1998 to 2008). Ninety-three GII-4 sequences were analy...

BACKGROUND Acute gastroenteritis is a serious cause of child mortality and morbidity in resource-limited countries. A viral etiology is most common, and rotavirus and norovirus are reported to be the leading causative agents. There are still few epidemiological data on the simultaneous occurrence of these viruses in Morocco. The aim of this study was to provide useful epidemiological data on th...

Passive protection against lethal enterovirus 71 infection in newborn mice by neutralizing antibodies elicited by a synthetic peptide. Microbes To the Editor: Noroviruses (NoVs) are the most common cause of foodborne and waterborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in persons from all age groups in industrialized and developing countries (1). Although NoV outbreaks occur throughout the year, activit...

Here, we describe the design and synthesis of two series of 4-pyrrylamino quinazolines as new analogs of the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor gefitinib. In vitro antitumor activity of these novel compounds against pancreatic (Miapaca2) and prostate (DU145) cancer cell lines was evaluated. Compared with the parental gefitinib, all 18 derivatives show a greatly increased cytotoxicity to...

BACKGROUND Enteric viruses are a major cause of diarrhea in children, especially those <5 years old. Identifying the viral agents is critical to the development of effective preventive measures. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of common enteric viruses in children <5 years old presented with diarrhea to the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. METHODS Five hundred...