The relationship between the endolymphatic potential (EP) and the sodium and potassium concentration gradients between endolymph and interstitial fluid was studied both by measuring the EP at varying concentrations of sodium and potassium in endolymph and by measuring the effect of a depressed EP on the concentrations of these cations. Ethacrynic acid was used in dogs to change the concentratio...

Multiple and paradoxical effects of airway smooth muscle (ASM) 7-transmembrane-spanning receptors activated during asthma, or by treatment with bronchodilators such as beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR) agonists, indicate extensive receptor crosstalk. We examined the signaling of the prostanoid-EP(1) receptor, since its endogenous agonist prostaglandin E(2) is abundant in the airway, but i...

Barley aleurone layers synthesize and secrete several proteases in response to gibberellic acid (GA3). Two major cysteine proteinases designated EP-A (37,000 M(r)) and EP-B (30,000 M(r)) have been described [Koehler and Ho (1988). Plant Physiol. 87, 95-103]. We now report the cDNA cloning of EP-B and describe the post-translational processing and hormonal regulation of both cysteine proteinases...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the overall efficacy and safety of endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (EP) vs open prostatectomy (OP) for large benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS We conducted an electronic search of PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to detect all relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing EP with OP. A meta-analysis was performed...

BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and apoptotic cell death in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) following spinal nerve constriction injury play a role in the initiation and continuation of hyperalgesia and allodynia. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ethyl pyruvate (EP) on mechanical and cold allodynia, TNF-α expre...

PGE 2 exerts potent diuretic and natriuretic effects on the kidney. This action is mediated in part by direct inhibition of collecting duct Na 1 absorption via a Ca 11 -coupled mechanism. These studies examine the role the Ca 11 -coupled PGE-E EP 1 receptor plays in mediating these effects of PGE 2 on Na 1 transport. Rabbit EP 1 receptor cDNA was amplified from rabbit kidney RNA. Nuclease prote...

Cell permeabilization by electric pulses (EP), or electroporation, is widely used for intracellular delivery of drugs and plasmids, as well as for tumour and tissue ablation. We found that cells pre-treated with 100-μs EP develop delayed hypersensitivity to subsequent EP applications. Sensitizing B16 and CHO cells by splitting a single train of eight 100-μs EP into two trains of four EP each (w...

To gain insight into the mammalian liver to kidney erythropoietin (Ep) switch, we heterotopically transplanted livers from preswitch, switched, and postswitch fetal and newborn lambs into normal adult sheep. Recipients' serum Ep and circulating reticulocyte levels were serially determined until rejection of the graft and compared with identical samples from sham-operated control adult ewes. Tra...

Erythropoietic progenitors from peripheral blood of normal individuals or patients with polycythemia vera (PV) were cultured in methylcellulose medium containing 2.5 U/ml of erythropoietin (Ep). After 7-9 days, colonies considered to be early stage large bursts were individually removed, resuspended in a small volume of fresh methylcellulose medium, and then divided between 2 dishes. To one of ...

OBJECTIVE: Anecdotal reports have suggested mood improvement in patients with bipolar disorder immediately after they underwent an echo-planar magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (EP-MRSI) procedure that can be performed within clinical MR system limits. This study evaluated possible mood improvement associated with this procedure. METHOD: The mood states of subjects in an ongoing EPMRSI s...